摘要
明确运城市主要粮食作物冬小麦和夏玉米灌溉需水量的时空变化规律,为未来该市灌溉用水的科学配置提供基本参数。基于运城市域内13个气象站点的长期观测资料,利用Penman-Monteith公式确定参考作物蒸散量,结合有效降雨量和作物系数等参数,计算分析了运城市近50 a冬小麦与夏玉米的灌溉需水量及其时空变化特征。结果表明:在研究时段内,冬小麦和夏玉米年灌溉需水量整体均呈现波动式降低的变化趋势,整体降低幅度分别为-0.7和-2.1 mm/(10 a)。冬小麦在4月和5月的灌溉需水量较多,分别为80.5 mm和108.4 mm;夏玉米则为8月份的灌溉需水量最大,约为85.3 mm。冬小麦和夏玉米全生育期的平均灌溉需水量都呈现从东向西逐渐递增的趋势,冬小麦灌溉需水量的变化范围处于283.6~336.8 mm,夏玉米则为165.4~253.9 mm。相关分析结果表明,水汽压差与太阳辐射对运城市冬小麦和夏玉米灌溉需水量的影响较大。运城市冬小麦与夏玉米灌溉需水量在时间上呈波动降低趋势,在空间上则由东向西逐步递增;气温与降水的变化趋势显示运城市的气候正在朝暖湿化方向发展,未来灌溉方案的制定与优化应当予以充分考虑。
Clarifying the spatio-temporal characteristics of the irrigation water requirements in Yuncheng will provide basic parameters for the scientific allocation of irrigation water requirements of this city in the future.Based on the long-term observation data of 13 meteorological stations in Yuncheng,the reference crop water requirement was determined by Penman-Monteith formula.Combined with the parameters of effective rainfall and crop coefficient,the irrigation water requirement of winter wheat and summer maize in Yuncheng in the past 50 years and its spatio-temporal variation were calculated and analyzed.During the investigated period,the annual irrigation water requirements for winter wheat and summer maize experienced a trend of fluctuation reduction,with change rates of-0.7 and-2.1 mm/(10 a),respectively.Winter wheat has higher irrigation water requirements in April and May,reaching 80.5 mm and 108.4 mm,respectively.In contrast,for summer maize,the peak irrigation water requirements occurs in August,approximately 85.3 mm.The spatial characteristics of average irrigation water requirements for winter wheat and summer maize show a gradual increase from east to west.The range of spatial irrigation water requirements is 283.6~336.8 mm for winter wheat,while it is only 165.4~253.9 mm for summer maize.The result of correlation analysis indicates that vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation have a significant influence on the irrigation water requirements of winter wheat and summer maize in Yuncheng.The irrigation water requirements for winter wheat and summer maize in Yuncheng have shown a fluctuating decreasing trend,it increases from east to west.The fluctuations in temperature and precipitation indicate a trend of warming and humidification in the climate in Yuncheng.This evolving climate scenario should be thoroughly taken into account when formulation and optimization of irrigation schemes in the future.
作者
霍伊雪
白思雨
庞国伟
陈安安
王国芳
HUO Yi-xue;BAI Si-yu;PANG Guo-wei;CHEN An-an;WANG Guo-fang(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi’an 710127,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;College of Resource&Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi Province,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2024年第3期115-123,共9页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
陕西省自然科学基金项目(2023-JC-QN-0300)
国家重点研发计划资助(2021YFD1901101)
山西省科技重大专项资助(202101140601026)。
关键词
主要粮食作物
灌溉需水量
时空变化规律
山西运城
主要影响因子
staple food crops
irrigation water requirement
spatio-temporal variation law
Yuncheng of Shanxi Province
main influence factor
