摘要
为明晰不同利用方式对松嫩草甸草原不同植物群落物种组成和多样性的影响,本研究通过对松嫩平原西部地带性植被草甸草原在刈割和长期放牧利用下两种典型群落-羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落和野古草(Arundinella hirta)群落的调查与分析,探究了两种利用方式对群落植物物种组成、重要值、生活型、数量特征及多样性等指标的影响。结果表明:刈割和长期放牧下羊草群落物种数为18种和21种,禾本科植物占比最高,分别为33.3%和45.45%;野古草群落物种数分别为39种和32种,禾本科植物占比为23.1%和21.9%。长期放牧增加羊草群落地面芽植物和野古草群落一年生植物占比,降低野古草群落地面芽植物占比。两种利用方式下两个群落饲用价值类型均以优良牧草的种类最多,占比分别为58.76%(刈割羊草群落)、53.33%(长期放牧羊草群落)、46.56%(刈割野古草群落)和46.63%(长期放牧野古草群落)。长期放牧显著降低了两个植物群落的盖度、高度和生物量(P <0.05)。与刈割相比,长期放牧下植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均呈增加趋势。长期放牧下羊草群落和野古草群落S?rensen相似性指数更高,两个群落植物物种相似度更高;而Cody指数在刈割利用下更高,两个群落物种组成在刈割利用下的变化幅度更大。刈割和放牧对松嫩草甸草原不同植物群落的组成和多样性能够产生不同程度的影响,合理适度的利用方式和保护措施将更有利于对草原资源的可持续利用。
To understand the effects of different utilization patterns of grassland resources on the species composition and diversity of different plant communities in the Songnen meadow steppe,this study investigated and analyzed two typical communities,Leymus chinensis and Arundinella hirta,under mowing and long-term grazing on the western Songnen Plain.We explored the effects of these two utilization patterns on the community composition of plant species,importance value,life form,quantitative characteristics and diversity.The results showed that there were 18 and 21 L.chinensis community species under mowing and long-term grazing,respectively,and the proportion of poaceae plants was the largest under both conditions at 33.3%and 45.45%,respectively.There were 39 and 32 A.hirta community species under mowing and long-term grazing,respectively,and the proportion of gramineous plants was 23.1%and 21.9%,respectively.Long-term grazing increased the proportion of hemicryptophytes in the L.chinensis community and therophytes in the A.hirta community,respectively,but it decreased the proportion of hemicryptophytes in the A.hirta community.Fine herbage species provided the largest variety in forage value in both communities under the two utilization patterns,accounting for 58.76%(L.chinensis mowing),53.33%(L.chinensis long-term grazing),46.56%(A.hirta mowing),and 46.63%(A.hirta long-term grazing),respectively.Long-term grazing significantly decreased the coverage,height,and biomass of the two plant communities(P<0.05).Compared with mowing,the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indexes of long-term grazing plant communities showed an increasing trend.The Sörensen similarity index of both communities was higher under long-term grazing than under mowing.The similarity of plant species between the two communities was high,but the Cody index was higher under mowing.In addition,changes in the species composition of both communities were greater under mowing.These results show that mowing and grazing have different effects on the composition and diversity of different plant communities in the Songnen meadow steppe.Reasonable and appropriate utilization and protection measures will be conducive to the sustainable use of grassland resources.
作者
卢彦达
丰吉
邵泽
付国猛
卢昱润
李海燕
LU Yanda;FENG Ji;SHAO Ze;FU Guomeng;LU Yurun;LI Haiyan(Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey,China Geological Survey,Harbin 150081,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期271-283,共13页
Pratacultural Science
基金
2021年度全国国土变更调查国家级外业核查项目(哈尔滨中心)(ZD2022014901)
全国森林草原湿地调查监测并行样地调查项目(哈尔滨中心)
国家自然科学基金(32171682)
吉林省自然科学基金(20220101290JC)
“111”引智基地项目(B16011)
全国国土变更调查国家级外业核查(哈尔滨中心)(DD20230517)。
关键词
松嫩草原
利用方式
生活型
饲用价值
物种多样性
群落物种相似性
群落数量特征
Songnen grassland
utilization pattern
life form
forage value
species diversity
community species similarity
community quantity characteristics
