摘要
工业机器人应用如何影响劳动力区位选择,经济学界并未达成一致。本文通过扩展劳动力市场空间均衡模型分析工业机器人应用对劳动力区位选择的影响,并基于2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据和国际机器人联盟发布的工业机器人存量数据进行了实证检验。研究发现,工业机器人应用降低了劳动力的流动意愿,并未将劳动力挤出到工业机器人应用水平较低的地区。工业机器人应用对劳动力需求的积极创造效应相较于消极替代效应占主导地位,促进了劳动力就业机会的增加和工资水平的提高,从而降低了劳动力的流动意愿。其中,中等受教育程度、中青年和农业户口劳动力的流动意愿对工业机器人应用水平更为敏感;在信息化程度较高、户籍管制程度较低以及劳动保障程度较高地区,工业机器人应用的“留人”效果较明显。为此,地方政府在积极推进智能制造的同时,应加强信息化建设和社会保障,放松户籍管制,这将有助于平稳应对第四次工业革命的挑战,促进“稳就业”“保就业”目标的实现。
There is no consensus in economics on how industrial robots affect the location choice of workers.This paper examines the impact of industrial robots on the location choice of workers by extending the spatial equilibrium model of the labor market,and empirically examines it based on data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2018 and the inventory data of China 's industrial robots released by the International Federation of Robotics.The results show that industrial robots can reduce the mobility intention of workers,rather than crowding out workers.And the positive creation effect of industrial robots on labor demand is more dominant than the negative substitution effect,promoting increased employment opportunities and higher wages,thus reducing the willingness of workers to leave the local.In particular,the mobility intention of middle-educated,female and agricultural registered workers is more sensitive to industrial robots.Additionally,in areas with higher informationization,lower household registration control and higher labor security,the "retention" effect of industrial robots is more pronounced.Therefore,it is recommended that governments actively promote intelligent manufacturing,while also strengthening information technology construction,relaxing household registration regulations,and enhancing social security.These measures will help effectively respond to the fourth industrial revolution and promote the goal of securing and stabilizing employment.
作者
张君凯
张世伟
Zhang Junkai;Zhang Shiwei
出处
《财经科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期73-90,共18页
Finance & Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“人工智能等新技术对就业的影响和对策研究”(20BJY051)的资助。
关键词
工业机器人
劳动力流动
就业
区位选择
Industrial Robot
Labor Mobility
Employment
Location Choice
