摘要
作为描述性构成要件,“野生动物”之概念因表明“实在的事实”的目的,其含义应当为社会成员所理解,因此在解释时应当取通常含义,即所谓“越是描述性的概念,其意思对公众就越理所当然”。然而,我国《刑法》上的“野生动物”概念已经偏离了“野生动物”的通常含义,并且在实务上进一步突破了《野生动物保护法》所规定的野生动物保护范畴。而《刑法修正案(十一)》所增加的第三百四十一条第三款之内容,已象征着《刑法》涉野生动物犯罪从单一立法目的转向双重立法目的,即从保护野生动物,转向保护野生动物与保护公共卫生安全并驱。而在不同的立法目的上,法条上的“野生动物”概念涵摄之内容存在较大差别。因此我国《刑法》出现了在同一个法条的不同条款中,对同一个概念作出了差异巨大的定义的现象,这一现象违背了刑法明确性之要求。为此,应当考虑结合相应的立法目的,对目前《刑法》上的“野生动物”用语进行修正,避免行文上的误解,保障刑法适用的准确性。
As a descriptive constituent element,the concept of"wildlife"should be under-stood by members of society because it indicates the purpose of"real facts".Therefore,when in-terpreting,the usual meaning should be taken,that is,"the more descriptive the concept,the more reasonable its meaning is for the public.".However,the concept of"wildlife"in China's Criminal Law has deviated from the usual meaning of"wildlife"and has further broken through the scope of wildlife protection stipulated in the Wildlife Protection Law in practice.The addition of Article 341,Paragraph 3 in the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law symbolizes the shift of the Criminal Law's wildlife related crimes from a single legislative purpose to a dual legislative pur-pose,that is,from protecting wildlife to protecting wildlife and promoting public health and saf-ety.However,there are significant differences in the content of the concept of"wild animals"in different legislative purposes.Therefore,in China's Criminal Law,there have been significant differences in the definition of the same concept in different provisions of the same article,which goes against the requirement of clarity in criminal law.Therefore,it is necessary to consider amending the term"wildlife"in the current Criminal Law for different legislative purposes,to avoid misunderstandings in wording and ensure the accuracy of the application of the Criminal Law.
作者
杨帆
Yang Fan(Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)
出处
《湖北警官学院学报》
2024年第1期138-148,共11页
Journal of Hubei University of Police
关键词
罪刑法定原则
文义解释
野生动物保护法
明确性原则
描述性构成要件
Principle of Legality
Literal Interpretation
Wildlife Protection Law
the Prin-ciple of Clarity in Criminal Law
Descriptive Constituent Elements
