摘要
基因编辑技术是一种对生物体目标基因进行定点“编辑”的工程技术,近年来发展非常迅速,已冲击到生命科学的各个领域,是世界范围内竞争最为激烈的下一代核心颠覆性生物技术。基因编辑技术已应用于农作物改良、畜牧业育种、遗传与代谢性疾病的治疗、抗细菌和病毒感染、药物筛选、制备新型生物燃料等领域。其在军事医学领域也有重要用途:通过基因编辑技术,使病原体危害性增大、毒性增强;靶向病原体的保守序列设计药物、疫苗等,可以防御多个毒株和变异体的感染;靶向宿主,CRISPR/dCas9系统介导的表观遗传基因编辑,不改变DNA遗传性状,也能可逆性增强人体效能,抵抗生物、化学、放射损伤;靶向基因编辑器自身的核酸酶和引导RNA,能精准调控基因编辑技术,防御基因编辑技术谬用和新型基因类生物战剂造成的危害。基因编辑技术在传染病诊治领域也具有显著优势,能彻底治愈某些类型的传染病。
Gene editing technology is an engineering technology that can perform targeted"editing"of target genes in organisms.It has developed rapidly in recent years and has impacted various fields of life science.It is also the most competitive next-generation core disruptive biotechnology worldwide.Gene editing technology has been applied to many fields such as crop improvement,livestock breeding,treatment of genetic and metabolic diseases,resistance to bacterial and viral infections,drug screening,preparation of new biofuels,and food industry.Gene editing technology also has important military medical uses,for example,the harm and toxicity of pathogens can be increased through gene editing technology;Conservative sequence design drugs and vaccines targeting pathogens can protect against infection by multiple virus strains and variants;By targeting the host,epigenetic gene editing mediated by the CRISPR/dCas9 system does not alter DNA genetic traits,while it can reversibly enhance the body's effectiveness and resistance to biological,chemical,and radiation damage;Targeting the nucleic acid enzyme and guiding RNA of the gene editor itself can accurately regulate the use of gene editing technology and defend against the damage of misuse of gene editing technology and new genetic biological warfare agents.Gene editing technology also has significant advantages in the field of infectious disease diagnosis and treatment,which can completely cure certain types of infectious diseases.
作者
王征旭
曹俊霞
王友亮
WANG Zhengxu;CAO Junxia;WANG Youliang(The Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the Seventh Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Biological Engineering,Military Medical Research Institute,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100071,China)
出处
《解放军医学院学报》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第11期1187-1193,共7页
Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School
基金
2022年国家社会科学基金(2022-SKJJ-B-068)
2020年理论研究(QT2020A06-B004)。
关键词
基因编辑技术
基因增强
表观遗传基因编辑
基因编辑调控技术
gene editing technique
gene performance enhancement
epigenetic editing
regulation of gene editing
