摘要
为得到阻燃且满足实际应用需求的涤纶/棉混纺织物(T/C),选用亚磷酸化壳聚糖(PCS)和γ-哌嗪基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(GP-108)制备阻燃整理剂(PCS/GP),通过一步浸渍法对涤纶/棉混纺织物进行整理,并研究其微观表面形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、拉伸性能以及白度等。结果表明:PCS/GP成功在涤纶/棉混纺织物表面沉积成膜,包裹住涤纶/棉纤维;T/C-PCS/GP呈现典型的涤纶/棉混纺织物二步热降解过程,在700℃时保留有28.5%的残炭量,说明PCS/GP提高了阻燃涤纶/棉混纺织物在高温区的热稳定性能;T/C-PCS/GP的LOI值提升至26.5%,实现了垂直燃烧测试中的离火自熄,残炭扫描电镜照片表明,PCS/GP的沉积改善了涤纶/棉混纺织物燃烧时存在的“支架”效应;T/C-PCS/GP的热释放速率峰值和火灾蔓延指数较T/C分别降低了20%和40%,表明其火灾危险性大幅度降低;锥形量热测试后的残炭电镜照片表明,T/C-PCS/GP能够保留完整的织物编织结构,残炭表面存在明显的膨胀炭层,与垂直燃烧测试结果相符;热重红外测试结果表明,T/C-PCS/GP分解提前,主要影响棉组分热降解并促进其成炭,而高温区的红外谱图表明,在致密炭层的保护下,T/C-PCS/GP的热降解得到抑制。T/C-PCS/GP与T/C-PCS相比,断裂强力提升17%,其断裂强力与T/C的断裂强力相差不大;同时,GP-108的使用改善了T/C-PCS的黄变问题,提升了T/C-PCS/GP的白度。然而,阻燃样品耐久性较差,需要后续改进。
Objective Polyester/cotton(T/C 65/35)fabrics have been widely used in both clothing and industrial fields,because of their great moisture absorption and breathability associated with cotton fibres and good mechanical property provided by polyester fibres.However,T/C fabrics are extremely flammable and hard to be flame-retardant,because the special"scaffolding effect"of polyester and cotton can arise violent flame,large amount of heat and copious smoke.Therefore,T/C fabrics used in public places such as curtains,need to meet the flame-retardant requirements to can reduce the fire risk.Method To prepare polyester/cotton(T/C,65/35)fabrics that are flame-retardant and meet practical application requirements,chitosan(CS)and γ-piperazinyl propylmethyl dimethoxy silane(GP-108)were utilized to prepare flame-retardant T/C fabrics through one-step dip-coating method,and the micromorphology,thermal stability,flame retardancy,tensile strength,flame-retardant mechanism and whiteness of T/C fabrics and flame-retardant T/C fabrics were studied.Results The results showed that PCS/GP coatings successfully formed a film on the surface of T/C fabrics and enveloped both polyester and cotton fibers.T/C-PCS/GP exhibited a typical thermal degradation process of polyester-cotton fabrics with char residues value of 28.5% retained at 700℃,indicating that the PCS/GP coatings improved the thermal stability of flame-retardant T/C fabrics in the high temperature zone.The LOI value of T/C-PCS/GP was increased to 26.5%,achieving self-extinguishing during the vertical flame test(VFT).The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)photos of char residues after VFT showed that PCS/GP eliminated the scaffolding effect of polyester-cotton fabrics.The peak heat release rate and fire growth index of T/C-PCS/GP were decreased by 20% and 40% respectively compared with those of T/C fabrics,indicating a significant reduction in fire hazard.The SEM pictures of char residues after CCT showed that polyester in T/C fabrics was completely melted,while T/C-PCS/GP kept the original shape of fibers and presented perfect intumescent flame-retardant char layers.T/C-PCS/GP underwent the thermal degradation processes in advance compared with T/C fabrics,because of the catalysis effect of phosphoric acid.However,T/C-PCS/GP released less volatiles at the maximum thermal degradation temperature and barely no gas products release during the high temperature zoon.T/C-PCS showed decreased tensile strength compared with T/C,while owing to the addition of GP-108,T/C-PCS/GP obtained better tensile strength compared with T/C-PCS.Meanwhile,the use of GP-108 solved the yellowing problem of T/C-PCS and increased the whiteness of T/C-PCS/GP.Conclusion The results showed that an eco-friendly flame-retardant coating had deposited on the surface of T/C fabrics which presented ideal flame retardancy,mechanical property and whiteness.PCS/GP coatings are capable of endowing T/C fabrics with great flame retardancy through establishing instrument flame-retardant char layers after heating.Fortunately,T/C-PCS/GP showed decreased fire hazard.For the utilization of GP-108,the damage of tensile strength associated with PCS had been avoided and the whiteness of T/C-PCS/GP was better than that of T/C-PCS.The design of PCS/GP was hopeful to provide more stratagems for the intumescent flame-retardant system with environmental materials.Meanwhile,the application of silane agent solved the decreasing tensile strength and whiteness owing to PCS.This work was lack of analysis containing the original properties of T/C,such as hand feeling,which played a key role on the practical application of flame-retardant T/C.
作者
李平
朱平
刘云
LI Ping;ZHU Ping;LIU Yun(College of Textiles&Clothing,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D&A(Shandong),Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期162-170,共9页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(51991354)。
关键词
涤纶/棉混纺织物
阻燃整理
壳聚糖
膨胀体系
硅烷偶联剂
polyester/cotton blended fabric
flame-retardant finishing
chitosan
intumescent flame retardant system
silane coupling agent
