摘要
文章使用2002~2013年中国海关数据库与中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,实证分析了工业自动化对企业进口中间品质量的影响。文章的研究发现,工业自动化对企业进口中间品质量具有显著的正向影响,即存在显著的产品升级效应。异质性分析发现,工业自动化对进口中间品质量的产品升级效应仅发生在资本和技术密集型行业,而在劳动密集型行业中则体现为劳动替代效应。此外,企业在垄断行业以及所在地区营商环境越好,工业自动化对企业进口中间品质量的正向影响越大;与半成品相比,工业自动化更能促进企业进口原材料和零部件质量的提升。机制分析发现,工业自动化会通过创新效应、效率效应和产品质量效应提高企业进口中间品质量。文章进一步研究还发现,进口中间品质量的提升主要是由广延边际变化引起,而集约边际变化并不显著,且工业自动化与进口中间品质量存在联动效应,共同推动企业价值链地位的提升。文章从进口中间品质量角度丰富了工业自动化在企业升级转型中作用的研究,为中国更好地利用工业自动化的机遇提升企业价值链的地位提供了政策启示。
This paper empirically analyzes the impact of industrial automation on the quality of imported intermediate products of firms using matched data from the China Customs Database and the China Industrial Enterprises Database from2002to2013. It is found that industrial automation has a significant positive effect on the quality of imported intermediate products, that is, there exists a significant " product upgrading effect". According to the heterogeneity analysis, industrial automation has a significant " product upgrading effect" in capital-and technology-intensive industries, while it has a " labor substitution effect" in labor-intensive industry. In addition, the positive impact of industrial automation on the quality of imported intermediate products is greater for firms in monopolistic industries and in areas with better business environment. Compared with semi-finished products,industrial automation is more likely to promote the quality of imported raw materials and components. The mechanism analysis shows that industrial automation can improve the quality of imported intermediate products through innovation effect, efficiency effect and product quality effect. Further study finds that the improvement of imported intermediate products quality is mainly caused by the extensive marginal change, while the intensive marginal change is not significant. Moreover, there is a " linkage effect" between industrial automation and imported intermediate products quality,which jointly promote the improvement of enterprise value chain status. This paper enriches the study of the role of industrial automation in firms upgrading and transformation from the perspective of the quality of imported intermediate products, and provides policy insights on how China can better utilize the opportunities of industrial automation to improve the position of firms in value chain.
作者
首陈霄
陆依雯
SHOU Chenxiao;LU Yiwen
出处
《世界经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期120-134,M0004,共16页
World Economy Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘实体清单’政策风险对我国先进制造业高质量发展的影响及突围路径研究”(项目编号:21BJL068)。
