摘要
晚清时期,英国对在华“英籍华民”是否有管辖权成为中英交涉的重要议题。1868年《阿礼国服饰章程》要求英籍华民改换洋装才能被英方保护;1867年《霍恩比指令》规定“一代英籍华民”无权请求获得英国保护,但并未得到彻底执行;1904年《萨道义通令》确立了“两代原则”,但仍未消减无休止的管辖权争议。中方未明确提出国际法理据,但坚持基于属地管辖的改装和登记要求完全符合欧洲通例。从“跨域史”角度来看,这一问题本质上源于英国要在其“有域外管辖权之地”的中国,赋予部分英籍华民以条约特权,这一措施明显侵犯了中国的主权并违反了国际法。
As a semi-colonial state subject to British power and jurisdiction,the question of whether Anglo-Chinese residing in China were entitled to extraterritoriality became crucial in Sino-British negotiations.Anglo-Chinese were required to alter their attire to Western styles to obtain protection by British officials in China under the Alcock Costume Regulation 1868;the Hornby Directive 1867,which stated that the first generation of Anglo-Chinese could enjoy British protection,was partially implemented;and the Satow Circular 1904,which established the“two generations principle”,did not significantly reduce the never-ending jurisdictional disputes.While insisting on the requirements of attire and registration based on territorial jurisdiction,which was fully compliant with European general practice,Chinese officials did not explicitly demonstrate the international legal basis.This issue primarily stemmed from Britain’s desire to extend unequal treaty advantages to some Anglo-Chinese where Britain exercised“extraterritorial jurisdiction”in China.This measure clearly violated China’s sovereignty and violated international law.
作者
万立
WAN Li(School of Foreign Studies,East China University of Political Science and Law)
出处
《清史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期46-61,共16页
The Qing History Journal
