摘要
新中国成立初期,江河泛滥、灾害频繁,水利事业百废待兴。为此,党和政府及时制定了“防止水患,兴修水利”的国策。为助力农田水利修复与修筑,在1950—1960年,全国开展了水利工具改革运动。这一时期水利工具的改革经历了全面改良、创新与研发两个阶段。新中国成立初期,北方大面积研制推广水车,南方在改良旧有水利工具的同时推广机械灌溉,“一五”计划期间继续发展,至“大跃进”时期水利工具改革迎来了发展的高峰,在党中央的领导下,将群众运动与科学技术相结合,在冬春季节兴修农田水利,改良、研发水利工具,使得水利工具有了较大进步。水利工具改革运动,有效地缓解了旱灾带来的影响,在保证农业丰收、促进经济发展等方面起到了积极作用,同时也存在着一些冒进的做法,产生了一定消极影响。
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,rivers flooded and disasters were frequent,and the water conservancy industry was in a lot of trouble,so the Party and the government formulated the national policy of“preventing water disasters and building water conservancy”.In order to help the restoration and construction of farmland water conservancy,the country carried out the reform movement of water conservancy tools from 1950 to 1960.Combing through relevant materials,it is found that the reform of water conservancy tools has experienced two stages:comprehensive improvement,as well as innovation,research and development.In the early period of New China,the development and promotion of waterwheel were conducted in a large area in the north,while mechanical irrigation was promoted in the south with the improved water conservancy tools.The reform of water conservancy tools continued in the“First Five”Plan period and ushered in the peak in the“Great Leap Forward”period.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee,combined the mass movement with science and technology,water conservancy tools were made great progress along with the construction of irrigation water conservancy in the winter and spring seasons as well as the development of new water conservancy tools.The reform movement of water conservancy tools has played a positive role in effectively alleviating drought,ensuring agricultural harvest and promoting economic development,but there are also some reckless practices with certain negative impact.
作者
杨亮亮
YANG Liangliang(School of History and Culture,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)
出处
《浙江水利水电学院学报》
2024年第1期6-11,共6页
Journal of Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD214)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题(22JZD039)。
关键词
新中国成立初期
水利工具
“大跃进”
early period of New China
water conservancy tools
“the Great Leap Forward”
