摘要
沙颍河平原地处中原地区东南外围,是连接中原与淮河流域的重要区域,为了更好地认识中原地区内部生业经济的发展状况,本研究对河南省漯河市土城王遗址(33°40′08.86″N, 114°04′50.19″E)出土的一批新石器时代晚期(距今5600~4300年)的动物遗存进行了系统的整理和分析。研究结果表明,饲养家猪(猪的NISP和MNI占比分别为26.37%和32.1%,肉食贡献占比57.1%)和狩猎鹿科动物(大、中、小型鹿的总NISP和MNI占比分别为62.66%和40.8%,肉食贡献占比31.8%)是土城王遗址先民获取肉食资源的主要方式;鹿科动物同时也是制作工具的主要原料。与中原地区其他区域相比,沙颍河平原新石器时代晚期(距今5600~4300年)生业经济形态呈现出明显的混合性特征。一方面,动物资源获取与利用模式接近环境背景更为相似的淮河中游地区,而与中原地区其他区域差异明显,具体表现在渔猎活动占据十分重要的地位,家猪以散养为主,饲养水平尚处于初级阶段,可能与其所处冲积平原水系发达、湿地密布、野生动物资源丰富的环境背景密切相关,是当地先民因地制宜的能动选择;另一方面,农业模式是旱地作物占主导的稻旱混作,整体上与中原地区其他区域一致,可能是受到仰韶文化圈的影响。该研究弥补了沙颍河平原地区新石器时代晚期动物资源获取与利用研究的材料不足,突出了当地生业经济的特殊性和中原地区内部生业经济的多样性,为深化理解人类社会生业与文化、环境之间的复杂联系提供了新的重要例证。
The Sha Ying River Plain,located in the southeast periphery of the Central Plain,is an important area connecting the Central Plain and the Huai River Valley.To improve our understanding of the subsistence in the Central Plain at this stage,this research focuses on the animal remains excavated from Tuchengwang site(33°40′08.86″N,114°04′50.19″E)(5600~4300 years ago)of Luohe City,Henan Province.Luohe City is located in the south-central part of Henan Province,as well the southern periphery in the Central Plain of China.This research analyzed 4507 animal bones(excluding molluscs)excavated from contexts of the late Neolithic at Tuchengwang site,and systemic zooarchaeological methods were employed on the animal remains,including species identification,measurement,taxonomic abundance by the number of identified specimens(NISP)and the minimum number of individuals(MNI),skeletal part frequencies by calculation of NISP and MAU(Minimum Number of Animal Units),estimates of dietary contribution,age structure and sex ratio,modification and pathologies.The results reveal that the number of identified specimens(NISP)among mammal bones of the late Neolithic was 2124 and the minimum number of individuals(MNI)was 81.Pig(Sus scrofa domesticus)were the main domestic animal and the predominant animal exploited as meat resource(NISP%=26.37%,MNI%=32.1%,dietary contribution=57.1%),deer(Cervus nippon,Elaphurus davidianus,Hydropotes inermis)were the main wild animals and an important supplementary meat resource(NISP%=62.66%,MNI%=40.8%,dietary contribution=31.8%),cervids bones and antler were also important raw material(82.9%)for bone-working.Compared with other regions in the Central Plain,the subsistence in the late Neolithic Sha Ying River Plain showed obvious mixed characteristics.On the one hand,animal resource procurement and exploitation pattern were more similar with the middle Huai River with more similar environmental background,but were different from the Pan-Mount Song Area,Western Henan area in the Central Plain:cervid-hunting was a more important activity,and pigs were raised through an extensive husbandry strategy,the raising level of pig was likely to be at the primary stage.It should be closely related to the environmental background of alluvial plain with dense wetland,abundant water and animal resources.On the other hand,agricultural structure was mixed farming of rice and millets but millets were the main crop,which was more similar with other regions in the Central Plain,such as the Pan-Mount Song Area,Western Henan area,this structure was directly influenced by the Yangshao culture.This study fills an important lacuna of research about the subsistence during the late Neolithic in Sha Ying River Plain and reflects the diversity of subsistence in the Central Plain during the late Neolithic,which is helpful for the further discussion about the complex relationship between subsistence and environment,culture.
作者
裴晓晨
李欣蔓
张颖
林怡嫺
梁法伟
李唯
张海
PEI Xiaochen;LI Xinman;ZHANG Ying;LIN YiHsien;LIANG Fawei;LI Wei;ZHANG Hai(School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450007,Henan;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期480-498,共19页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(批准号:T2192953)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41971251)
郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会重大课题“中原核心区文明起源与早期国家管理体系的形成”共同资助。
