摘要
目的:学龄前儿童的认知功能正处于快速发展过程中,体育锻炼对儿童的认知能力具有促进作用,但这种促进作用是体育锻炼的单独作用还是锻炼中认知任务的作用,抑或二者存在某种交互作用,学界还缺乏足够的实验证据。对一般性体育锻炼和不同认知参与的体育锻炼进行控制,考察不同锻炼方式对学龄前儿童的注意力和认知灵活性的影响。方法:采用实验组控制组前测-后测设计,自变量为儿童锻炼活动中认知参与程度(高认知参与锻炼组,一般性锻炼组,控制条件下的自然成长组),选取4~5岁儿童120名,随机分配到3组,每组各40人进行为期12周的干预。结果:3组儿童在认知能力和身体能力方面均有提高;在注意转移能力和注意交换稳定能力方面,组别主效应显著,高认知参与锻炼组与一般性锻炼组和控制组差异显著,一般性锻炼组与控制组差异边缘显著;在持续性注意力反应时和正确率变化方面,组别和时间交互作用达到显著和边缘显著水平;在持续性注意力变化方面,组别和时间交互作用达到边缘显著和显著水平;在集中性注意力变化方面,组别和时间交互作用显著;认知灵活性方面,组别和时间交互作用显著。结论:参加额外体育锻炼对儿童的注意力和认知灵活性有显著促进作用;与参加一般性体育锻炼和不参与额外体育锻炼相比,较高认知参与的体育锻炼更有利于儿童注意力和认知灵活性的改善。
Purpose:The cognitive function of preschool children is in the process of rapid development.Physical activity can promote children’s cognitive abilities,but is it only because of physical activity or cognitive engagement during the activity or the interaction of both is not clear.The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of participating in additional physical activity on children's attention and cognitive flexibility and the effect of participating in physical activity with different levels of cognitive engagement on children's attention and cognitive flexibility.Method:Pre-test and post-test design was adopted in experimental group and control group.The independent variable was the degree of cognitive engagement in children’s physical activities,which was divided into three levels:high cognitive engagement exercise,general exercise group,and control group.120 children aged 4-5 years were randomly assigned to three groups,and 40 children in each group were intervened for 12 weeks.Results:The cognitive and physical abilities of the three groups have been improved.In terms of attention transfer ability and stability of attention exchange,the main effect of the group is significant,between the high cognitive engagement exercise group and the general exercise group and the control group,and the general exercise group and the control group had significant differences.The interaction between group and time reached the significant and marginal significant level in sustained attention response time and correct rate.In terms of sustained attention changes,group and time interactions reach marginal and significant levels.The interaction between group and time is significant in the change of concentrated attention.The interaction between group and time is significant in cognitive flexibility.Conclusions:The children’s attention and cognitive flexibility are significantly improved by taking extra physical activity.Compared with general exercise and no additional exercise,exercise with higher cognitive engagement is more conducive to the improvement of children’s attention and cognitive flexibility.
作者
武艳钦
付全
WU Yanqin;FU Quan(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期233-240,共8页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划长城学者培养计划项目(项目编号:CIT&TCD20180335)。
关键词
认知参与
体育锻炼
注意力
认知灵活性
cognitive engagement
physical activity
attention
cognitive flexibility
