摘要
【目的】不同氮磷钾配施对棉花生长、养分积累量、产量及肥料利用效率的影响,实现沙雅县棉田减肥增效和丰产增收。【方法】以棉花为供试材料,在施肥处理氮、磷、钾肥用量一定的情况下,设置对照(CK)、氮磷(NP)、氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)5个处理,系统分析不同氮磷钾肥配施棉花各个生育期的单株干物质量和养分积累量的变化响应特征,探究氮磷钾配施对棉花养分吸收、产量和肥料利用率的影响。【结果】随着棉花生育期的递进,不同氮磷钾配施处理的整株干物质量呈现逐渐递增的趋势,最大值出现在花铃期-吐絮期;在棉花蕾期,氮、磷肥与植株干物质量呈显著相关;NPK施肥处理下的根、生殖器官和整株的氮素养分积累量呈递增趋势,而茎和叶呈先升高后降低的趋势,在棉花吐絮期时,氮、磷、钾养分积累量达最大值;NPK施肥处理棉花籽棉产量最高达4583 kg hm^(−2),较NP、NK和PK处理分别增产5.92%、9.93%和11.10%;棉田氮、磷、钾素肥料利用率分别为41.59%、14.52%和69.29%。【结论】当施氮量为300 kg hm^(−2),施磷量为150 kg hm^(−2),施钾量为90 kg hm^(−2)时,可有效促进棉花的生长发育和养分吸收,并显著提高棉花产量和肥料利用率,对棉花生长效果最佳。
[Objective]The effects of different combined applications of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers on cotton growth,nutrient accumulation,yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency were compared to solve the serious problems of unbalanced fertilization and excessive chemical fertilizer usage in cotton fields in Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang,and to reduce cotton fertilizer usage,to increase yield and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency in Shaya County.[Method]The cotton of Shaya County was regarded as experiment material.In the case of fertilization treatment of N,P and K fertilizer dosage was a certain amount,and five treatments were set up:control(CK),N and P(NP),N and K(NK),P and K(PK)and N,P and K combined application(NPK).The response characteristics of biomass and nutrient accumulation of cotton in each growth period were systematically analyzed under the different conditions of combined applications of N,P and K,and the influence mechanism of combined applications of N,P and K fertilizers on cotton nutrient absorption,yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency was explored.[Result]With the progression of cotton growth period,the biomass of the whole plant treated with different combined applications of N,P and K fertilizers appeared a gradually increasing trend,and the maximum value was distributed in"bolling period-boll opening period".In the cotton bud stage,N and P fertilizers were significantly correlated with the dry matter quality of plants.The accumulation of N nutrients in roots,reproductive organs and whole plants under NPK treatment showed an increasing trend,while that of the stem and leaf showed a trend of"increasing-decreasing",and the accumulation of N,P and K nutrients reached the maximum during the boll opening period.The yield of seed cotton under the NPK treatment was highly up to 4583 kg hm-2,which is 5.92%,9.93%and 11.10%higher than that of NP,NK and PK treatments,respectively.The fertilizer utilization efficiencies of N,P and K in the cotton field were 41.59%,14.52%and 69.29%,respectively.[Conclusion]When the N fertilizer usage is 300 kg hm-2,the P fertilizer usage is 150 kg hm-2,and the K fertilizer usage is 90 kg hm-2,compared with the treatment of N,P and K,the NPK treatment can effectively promote the growth,development and nutrient absorption of cotton,and significantly improve cotton yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency,which has the best effect on cotton growth.
作者
朱先海
王泽
张聪
王耀锋
王雪艳
于洪波
盛建东
ZHU Xian-hai;WANG Ze;ZHANG Cong;WANG Yao-feng;WANG Xue-yan;YU Hong-bo;SHENG Jian-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Station of Spreading Agricultural Technique of Shaya County,Shaya 842200,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期121-129,共9页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-3)
2020中央农业资源及生态保护项目资助。
关键词
棉花
氮磷钾配施
产量
肥料利用率
沙雅县
Cotton
Combined applications of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
Yield
Fertilizer utilization efficiency
Shaya County
