摘要
2018—2022年利用我国小麦茎基腐病优势病原假禾谷镰刀菌,研究了保护性耕作条件下病菌周年侵染循环规律。利用室内分层接种技术,明确了小麦播种层及以上的病菌能侵染小麦胚芽、地中茎、根茎结合处、芽鞘或叶鞘,但不侵染根系,病菌在种子5 cm以下不侵染小麦,为深翻有效压低菌源基数提供了依据。采用田间接种发现,苗期感病严重的可造成死苗,或分蘖减少;成株期茎秆枯死或白穗,分蘖更易发病,白穗呈零散分布,分散在小麦的不同高度。小麦收获后贴茬播种玉米,麦茬上携带的病菌能在玉米田生态环境中继续繁衍;玉米收获后,病菌随麦茬与玉米秸秆同时粉碎并旋耕,使病菌在田间得到扩散,进而再次侵染下茬小麦。据此揭示了黄淮海小麦秸秆还田、玉米(谷子等夏播作物)免耕播种等保护性耕作条件下小麦茎基腐病逐渐成为严重影响小麦产量的重要病害。同时,研究结果表明假禾谷镰刀菌是当地菌源,经逐年优选和积累成为了优势病原,提出了以生态调控为核心的茎基腐病绿色防控策略。
In this study,the infection cycle and annual occurrence patterns of wheat crown rot pathogens under conser-vation tillage from 2018 to 2022 were investigated using Fusarium pseudograminearum,the dominant pathogen of wheat crown rot in China.The indoor layered inoculation technique was used to determine the ability of pathogens in the wheat sowing layer and above to infect various part of wheat plant.Results showed that the pathogens could infect wheat germs,stem in the ground,root-stem junctions,bud sheaths or leaf sheaths,but not roots.Additionally,the pathogens could not infect wheat below 5cm from the seeds.Based on these findings,it is suggested that deep tillage can effectively reduce the number of the fungal sources.Using field inoculation,it was found that severe susceptibility during the seedling stage could result in dead seedlings or reduced tillers.At the adult plant stage,the stems become dead or white,and the tillers become more susceptible to disease.White ear was scattered at different heights of the wheat.After the wheat harvest,the pathogens carried by wheat stubble could continue to reproduce in the corn field.After the corn harvest,the pathogen was spread throughout the field by rotary tillage with wheat stubble and corn straw.This led to the re-infection of the next wheat crop.This revealed that wheat crown rot has become an important disease that adversely affects wheat yield under conservation tllage conditions,such as wheat straw returning and corn no-tillage sowing,in Huang-Huai-Hai region.It has been revealed that F.pseudograminearum was from the local source,and became a dominant pathogen through yearly selection and accumulation.We also proposed a green prevention and control strategy for crown rot that focuses on ecological management.
作者
王永芳
董志平
陈立涛
王孟泉
刘佳
齐永志
勾建军
李秀芹
崔彦
Wang Yongfang;Dong Zhiping;Chen Litao;Wang Mengquan;Liu Jia;Qi Yongzhi;Gou Jianjun;Li Xiuqin;Cui Yan(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050035,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Guantao County,Guantao Hebei 057750,China;Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Pingxiang County,Pingxiang Hebei 054500,China;Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding Hebei 071001,China;Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050035,China)
出处
《中国植保导刊》
北大核心
2024年第2期27-34,共8页
China Plant Protection
基金
河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费包干制项目资助(HBNKY-BGZ-02)。
关键词
秸秆还田
免耕播种
保护性耕作
小麦茎基腐病
病菌侵染
周年发生规律
straw mulching
no-tillage sowing
conservation tillage
wheat crown rot
pathogen infection
annual occurrence pattern
