摘要
了解洞穴大型底栖动物的群落结构是研究洞穴生态系统的重要内容,也是对生态学领域研究的重要补充.于2019年10月(平水期)及2020年8月(丰水期)对贵州省贞丰县5个洞穴内大型底栖动物进行采样调查,分析大型底栖动物组成、优势种、多样性、功能摄食群的分布特征,并基于大型底栖动物生物学指数对洞穴水质进行评价.结果得出:两个水期共获大型底栖动物63种,隶属4门7纲19目46科,其中水生昆虫41种,占65.07%,闪蚬Corbicula nitens、四节蜉Baetis sp.、蚋Simulium sp.是两个水期的共有优势种.在时间上,大型底栖动物的密度、生物量和多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener、Pielou和Margalef指数)均表现为平水期>丰水期.在空间上,密度和Margalef指数表现为有光带>弱光带>黑暗带,生物量、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数表现为弱光带>有光带>黑暗带.Jaccard相似性系数和聚类分析结果表明,同一洞穴相邻光带之间的相似性较高,不同洞穴相同光带或不同光带之间的相似性偏低.洞穴大型底栖动物由5个功能摄食群(FFGs)构成,其中捕食者占比最多,约占42.86%.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及生物指数(BI)对水质的评价存在差异,经对比,生物指数的结果更符合实际水质情况.本研究表明贵州贞丰洞穴大型底栖动物以水生昆虫为主,功能摄食类群以捕食者为主,且人为干扰可能是水质下降、物种降低的重要原因之一.(图8表5参45)
Understanding the community structure of macroinvertebrates in caves is important for studying cave ecosystems and supplementing the study of ecology.In October 2019 and August 2020,macroinvertebrates in five caves in Zhenfeng County,Guizhou Province were sampled.The distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates,dominant species,diversity,and functional feeding groups were analyzed and the water quality of the caves was evaluated based on the macroinvertebrate biological index(BI).The community characteristics of macroinvertebrates in caves were analyzed using density,biomass,diversity index,and similarity coefficient.A total of 63 macroinvertebrate species were collected,belonging to four phyla,seven classes,19 orders,and 46 families,among which;41 species of aquatic insects accounted for 65.07%.The dominant species included Corbicula nitens,Baetis sp.,and Simulium sp.in two water periods.Temporally,the density,biomass,and diversity index values of cave macroinvertebrates(Shannon-Wiener,Pielou,and Margalef indices)were higher during the normal season than the wet season.Spatially,the density and Margalef index were ranked as follows:light zones>weak light zones>dark zones.The biomass,Shannon-Wiener index,and Pielou index were ranked as follows:weak light zones>light zones>dark zones.The Jaccard similarity coefficient and cluster analysis showed that the similarity of macrobenthic communities between adjacent light zones in the same cave was high,whereas the similarity between the same or different light zones in different caves was low.Cave macroinvertebrates comprised five functional feeding groups,of which predators accounted for the largest proportion(approximately 42.86%).Differences occur in the water quality evaluation using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the BI and the results of BI are consistent with the actual water quality situation.In conclusion,this study shows that the macroinvertebrates of Zhenfeng Cave in Guizhou are mainly aquatic insects,the functional feeding groups are mainly predators,and anthropogenic disturbance may be one of the important reasons for the decline in water quality and species.
作者
刘小万
徐承香
张思强
杜维锋
李微娅
罗浪
LIU Xiaowan;XU Chengxiang;ZHANG Siqiang;DU Weifeng;LI Weiya;LUO Lang(School of Life Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Karst Caves,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期46-54,共9页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660152)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1416)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5726号)
贵州省教育厅创新群体项目(黔教合KY字[2021]013号)项目资助。
关键词
大型底栖动物
群落结构
水质生物学评价
功能摄食类群
喀斯特洞穴
macroinvertebrate
community structure
biological evaluation of water quality
functional feeding group
karst cave
