摘要
旨在研究施氮量对不同茬口冬小麦生长和产量的影响,探明小麦合理轮作制度和氮肥管理。基于大豆茬口和玉米茬口,设3个施氮量水平(N_(1):135 kg·hm^(-2);N_(2):180 kg·hm^(-2);N_(3):225 kg·hm^(-2)),研究施氮量对不同茬口冬小麦茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累、籽粒灌浆、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,同一施氮量下,大豆茬口下的冬小麦分蘖能力、叶面积指数、干物质积累、强弱势粒粒质量和产量显著高于玉米茬口。玉米茬口下,冬小麦的分蘖能力,叶面积指数和干物质积累表现出N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)处理;大豆茬口下,冬小麦上述指标表现出N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)处理,且产量在N_(2)处理下表现最佳,较玉米茬口产量显著提高18.29%。结合籽粒灌浆和产量构成因素发现,大豆茬口冬小麦千粒质量优于玉米茬口是因为大豆茬口显著提高了弱势粒的平均灌浆速率所导致的。通过产量与施氮量拟合曲线的分析,大豆茬口最高产量施氮量和最佳经济产量施氮量分别为203.60和199.11 kg·hm^(-2),玉米茬口为271.09和264.40 kg·hm^(-2)。综上,大豆茬口在冬小麦生长和产量上优于玉米茬口,适宜的施氮量为199.11~203.60 kg·hm^(-2)。
To investigate the effect of nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of winter wheat in different crop rotations and to establish a reasonable crop rotation system and nitrogen fertilizer management,three nitrogen application rates were set(N_(1):135 kg·hm^(-2);N_(2):180 kg·hm^(-2);N_(3):225 kg·hm^(-2)).This study was conducted based on soybean and maize crop rotations to study the effect of nitrogen application rates on stem and tiller dynamics,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,grain filling,and yield and yield components of winter wheat under different crop rotations.The results showed that,at the same nitrogen application rate,the tillering ability,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,grain mass,and yield of winter wheat in soybean crop rotation were significantly higher than those in maize crops for rotation.In the maize crop rotation,the tillering ability,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat followed the order of N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1)treatment;under the soybean crop rotation,the above-mentioned indexes of winter wheat showed the order of N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)treatment,and the yield was the highest under the N_(2)treatment,significantly increasing by 18.29%compared to the maize crop rotation.When combining grain filling with yield components,it was observed that the 1000-grain mass of soybean crop rotation was better than that in maize crop rotation.This improvement was attributed to the significant increase in the average grain filling rate of inferior grain,the average grain filling rate of inferior grain in the soybean crop rotation.After analyzing fitting curve between yield and nitrogen application rate,the maximum yield nitrogen application rate and the optimal economic yield nitrogen application rate of soybean crop rotation were 203.60 and 199.11 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,for maize crop rotation,these values were 271.09 and 264.40 kg·hm^(-2).In conclusion,soybean crop rotation is superior to maize crop rotation in the growth and yield of winter wheat,and the recommended nitrogen application rate is 199.11-203.60 kg·hm^(-2).
作者
朱员正
董云杰
姚丽茹
贺峥峥
普布仓决
张光鑫
韩娟
ZHU Yuanzheng;DONG Yunjie;YAO Liru;HE Zhengzheng;Pubucangjue;ZHANG Guangxin;HAN Juan(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu Shanxi 030801,China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期585-594,共10页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
陕西省重点研发计划(2018ZDXM-NY-002)。
关键词
施氮量
茬口
小麦
产量
Nitrogen application rate
Crop rotation
Wheat
Yield
