摘要
目的利用结构方程模型分析医学生电子烟使用行为与知识、认知的关系,为电子烟的控烟行动提供新策略。方法于2022年5—11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对贵州省3所医科大学4126名医学生进行问卷调查,问卷参考《2018年中国成人烟草调查问卷》及相关文献进行设计,使用AMOS 26.0软件构建结构方程模型并进行评估。结果本研究共调查4126人,其中男生2052人(49.73%),女生2074人(50.26%);18岁及以下年龄组1613人(39.09%),19~21岁年龄组1966人(47.65%),22岁及以上547人(13.26%);城镇1031人(24.99%),农村3095人(75.01%)。医学生电子烟尝试使用率为6.54%,电子烟知晓率为89.99%,不同电子烟知识的知晓率在54.89%~74.29%之间;不同电子烟使用态度的问题上,持积极态度的比率在4.56%~21.43%之间。最终结构方程模型的拟合优度效果较好。结构方程模型结果显示,影响医学生使用电子烟行为的因素有知识(β=0.073,P<0.05)、认知(β=0.051,P<0.05)、态度(β=-0.150,P<0.05),知识对电子烟使用行为的直接效应高于间接效应,认知、态度对电子烟使用行为有直接效应。结论医学生电子烟知识、认知水平有待提高,医学生对电子烟知识的了解情况可以直接影响电子烟使用行为,还可以通过认知和态度间接影响电子烟使用行为,应从知识、认知和态度三个方面进行综合干预,促进其形成禁烟意识并减少电子烟使用行为。
Objective To analyze the relationships of electronic cigarette(e-cigarette)use behavior with knowledge and cognition among medical students by structural equation model,and to provide new strategies for e-cigarette control activity.Methods From May to November 2022,a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 4,126 medical students from 3 medical universities in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire was designed based on the China Youth Tobacco Epidemic Survey Questionnaire-2019 and related literatures,and the structural equation model was constructed and evaluated by AMOS 26.0 software.Results A total of 4,126 students were surveyed in this study,including 2,052(49.73%)males and 2,074(50.26%)females.There were 1,613(39.09%)studeuts in the group aged 18 years and younger,1,966(47.65%)in the group aged 19-21 years,547(13.26%)in the group aged 22 years and above,1,031(24.99%)in the urban area group and 3,095(75.01%)in the rural area group.The utilization rate of e-cigarette attempts among the medical students was 6.54%,the awareness rate of e-cigarette 89.99%,and the awareness rates of knowledge about different e-cigarettes were between 54.89%and 74.29%.As for attitude towards use of different e-cigarettes,the rates of positive attitude were between 4.56%and 21.43%.The goodness-of-fit effect of the final model was better.Results of the structural equation model displayed that factors influencing the medical students’e-cigarette use behavior were knowledge(β=0.073,P<0.05),cognition(β=0.051,P<0.05)and attitude(β=-0.150,P<0.05).The direct effect of knowledge on e-cigarette use behavior was higher than the indirect effect.Cognition and attitude had a direct effect on e-cigarette use behavior.Conclusion The levels of knowledge and cognition on e-cigarettes among the medical students need to be improved.The medical students’status of knowing knowledge regarding e-cigarettes can directly affect the use behavior of e-cigarettes,and also indirectly affect the use behavior of e-cigarettes through cognition and attitude.Comprehensive interventions should be conducted from three aspects of knowledge,cognition and attitude so as to promote the formation of anti-smoking awareness and reduce e-cigarette use behavior.
作者
彭佳
荣冬芸
李丹
杨娟华
程远芬
吕宝坤
曹煜
PENG Jia;RONG Dongyun;LI Dan;YANG Juanhua;CHENG Yuanfen;LYU Baokun;CAO Yu(School of Public Health and Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000,China)
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2024年第3期282-286,共5页
Practical Preventive Medicine
基金
健康服务与管理专业慢性病“5G健康管理”实践基地的建设与研究(220605095013646)
健康大学城行动项目(黔发改规划2018[1571]号)。
关键词
电子烟
医学生
影响因素
结构方程模型
electronic cigarette
medical student
influencing factor
structural equation model
