摘要
在晚近的刑法教义学研究中,应当承认法益与犯罪客体已日渐趋同,社会关系的判断需要借助利益概念,而法益的确证亦需借鉴犯罪客体理论。受贿罪法益的确证应从三个维度展开:遵循实定法的规定、体现集体法益性质以及具有涵摄与建构机能。在现有观点中,信赖说与公正性说皆无法有效区分受贿犯罪与渎职犯罪,无法解释以受贿数额作为入罪标准的原因;不可收买性说坚持交易框架的模型无法解释单纯收受财物行为的入罪基础;差序法益不具有涵摄与建构机能;公职的不可谋私利性说可以形塑现阶段各种受贿形态,但精准度存在不足。公职的不可牟利性说是对公职的不可谋私利性说的修正,在解释非法收受他人财物等行为上更具解释张力,亦可妥当解释利用影响力受贿罪法定刑较低的原因。
In recent studies on criminal doctrinal theory,it is necessary to acknowledge the in⁃creasing convergence between legal interests and criminal objects.The assessment of social re⁃lationships requires the aid of the concept of interest,and the confirmation of legal interests also necessitates reference to the theory of criminal objects.The confirmation of the legal interest in the bribery crime should be approached from three dimensions:adhering to the provisions of positive law,reflecting the nature of collective legal interests,and possessing the functions of inclusion and construction.Among existing perspectives,neither the reliance theory nor the fair⁃ness theory can effectively differentiate between bribery and dereliction of duty crimes,and they fail to explain the reason for using the amount of bribery as the criterion for conviction.The im⁃partiality theory,which insists on a trading framework,cannot account for the basis for convic⁃tion of mere acceptance of property.The differentiated structure of legal interests lacks the func⁃tions of inclusion and construction;The theory that no-self-profitability of public office can shape various bribery patterns at the current stage,but there is a lack of precision.The theory of the non profitability of public office is a revision of the theory of no-self-profitability of pub⁃lic office,which provides a more interpretative tension in explaining behaviors such as illegally accepting others'property,and can also appropriately account for the reason for the lower pen⁃alty of taking bribes under influence.
出处
《荆楚法学》
2024年第1期55-68,共14页
Jingchu Law Review
关键词
受贿罪
法益
非法收受财物
公职的不可谋私利性说
The Crime of Accepting Bribes
Legal Interests
Illegally Accepting Property
No-self-profitability of Public Office
