摘要
胎儿甲状腺肿是一种罕见的胎儿结构异常,其特征为胎儿甲状腺的异常肿大,并可能伴有功能障碍。根据病因不同,胎儿甲状腺肿可分为甲状腺功能亢进型、甲状腺功能减退型及单纯性甲状腺肿型。除了异常的甲状腺激素水平影响胎儿神经系统发育,肿大甲状腺还可压迫气管和食管,引起呼吸和吞咽困难,造成早产、难产甚至胎儿死亡等不良结局。早期诊断胎儿甲状腺肿并鉴别类型是改善预后的关键。超声作为产前最重要的检查手段,可以直接观察胎儿甲状腺大小和形态及血流动力学状况,同时评估胎儿生长发育情况。目前,国内治疗胎儿甲状腺肿的主要方式为孕妇口服给药。由于胎儿甲状腺肿的罕见性,目前国内外仍缺乏对于该病诊断和处理的深入研究。然而,评价孕妇给药过程中胎儿甲状腺形态及功能的变化是验证治疗效果,避免穿刺性诊断的关键步骤。笔者就超声诊断胎儿甲状腺肿,以及治疗过程中超声监测的研究进展进行综述。
Fetal goiter,a rare congenital malformation,is an enlargement of thyroid gland,which may have symptoms of increased thyroid function,decreased thyroid function or normal function.Thyroid function abnormalities can result in neurodevelopmental impairments.Besides,a large goiter may present with compression symptoms,such as dysphagia caused by the compression of esophagus and dyspnea caused by compression of airway,which lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes as premature delivery,dystocia,and fetal death.Ultrasound can reveal the thyroid directly and assess fetal growth,is the most important examination during pregnancy.At present,administration of oral drugs in pregnant women is the mainstay treatment for fetal goiter in the country.However,owing to rarity of the disease,there is currently no unified standard and guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment.The article reviews developments in the diagnosis,treatment and monitoring of the fetus with goiter during pregnancy.
作者
冯新嫄
孙慧洁
刘天赐
李琴
袁静
李亮
Feng Xinyuan;Sun Huijie;Liu Tianci;Li Qin;Yuan Jing;Li Liang(Department of Ultrasound,the First Af filiated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Prenatal Diagnosis Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230031)
出处
《中国产前诊断杂志（电子版）》
2024年第1期52-57,共6页
Chinese Journal of Prenatal Diagnosis(Electronic Version)
关键词
胎儿
甲状腺肿
产前诊断
超声
Fetal
goiter
Prenatal diagnosis
Ultrasound
