摘要
媒介昆虫可传播寄生虫和病毒,如疟原虫、寨卡病毒和登革热病毒等,每年在全球范围内造成重大的经济损失与人员伤亡。农业害虫则每年造成农作物产量的重大损失,严重威胁着全球粮食安全。然而,目前基于化学防治等手段已不足以完全控制害虫的发生与危害。同时,使用化学农药会导致抗性产生,造成环境污染和农药残留等。因此,生产上亟需开发新型害虫控制策略。近年来,随着基因组测序技术和基因编辑技术的发展,针对目标害虫种群及其特定靶标基因的遗传控制技术迅速发展。相比传统的有害生物防控手段如化学防治等,害虫遗传控制策略具有物种特异性、环境友好和防控高效等优势。本文主要综述了研究较为广泛的几种害虫遗传控制技术,包括昆虫不育技术(sterile insect technique, SIT)、昆虫显性致死释放(release of insects carrying a dominant lethal, RIDL)技术以及基因驱动(gene drive, GD)技术等的研究现状与应用案例。最后,我们对害虫遗传控制技术研究及其在农业害虫防治中的应用做出了几点展望:(1)建立稳定高效的遗传操作体系;(2)鉴定生殖细胞或其他组织中高效的启动子,以提高基因编辑或基因转化的效率;(3)解析害虫性别决定通路和挖掘参与害虫生殖发育的关键基因。
Insect vectors cause significant economic losses and human casualties worldwide each year by transmitting parasites and viruses such as malaria,Zika virus,and dengue.Agricultural pests cause huge losses of crop yield every year and seriously threaten global food security.However,the current control methods based on chemical agents are insufficient to completely control the occurrence and damage of pests.At the same time,the use of chemical pesticides will induce resistance and result in environmental pollution and pesticide residues,etc.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new pest control strategies in production.In recent years,with the development of genome sequencing and gene editing techniques,the genetic control technology for the target pest population and their specific target genes has been rapidly developed.Compared with traditional pest control methods such as chemical control,genetic control strategies for pests have the advantages of species specificity,environmental friendliness,and efficient control.In this article,we reviewed several widely studied genetic control techniques for pests,including sterile insect technique(SIT),release of insects carrying a dominant lethal(RIDL),and gene drive(GD)technology.Finally,we presented several prospects for the research of genetic control technology for pests and its application in agricultural pest control:(1)to establish stable and efficient genetic manipulation systems;(2)to identify efficient promoters in germ cells or other tissues to improve the efficiency of gene editing or gene transformation;and(3)to elucidate the sex determination pathway of pests and excavate the key genes involved in the reproductive development of pests.
作者
孙浩
高聪芬
吴顺凡
SUN Hao;GAO Cong-Fen;WU Shun-Fan(College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application,Nanjing 210095,China;Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University,Sanya 572025,China)
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期404-421,共18页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(32022011)。
关键词
害虫
害虫遗传控制
基因编辑
昆虫不育技术
昆虫显性致死释放
基因驱动
Insect pests
genetic pest management
gene editing
sterile insect technique
release of insects carrying a dominant lethal
gene drive
