摘要
采用重点高校和大中型高技术企业数据,分别构建中国高水平研究型大学和科技领军企业的科技创新水平综合衡量指标体系,并应用主成分分析法分别衡量二者的综合创新水平得分。然后,使用耦合协调度模型分析二元系统的宏观耦合协调关系,并进一步在微观指标层面应用灰色关联度法详细考察重点大学创新指标和科技领军企业创新指标的相互影响,借以揭示指标层面的两系统微观耦合机制。研究发现:第一,中国科技领军企业与高水平研究型大学两大创新系统已逐渐从低水平均衡过渡到高水平均衡中,从极度不协调发展到高度协调状态。第二,在高校影响企业的各指标中,科研项目和R&D成果应用及科技服务的影响大多靠前;科技人力不如科技经费的影响大。第三,在企业影响高校的各指标中,外贸出口影响最大,技术引进影响最小;人力要素和企业规模比资本要素的影响大。提出建议:社会各界应采取措施促进校企战略科技力量的创新合作,增加高水平研究型大学的研发经费投入。科技领军企业应加强与高水平研究型大学的科研项目合作,推动科研成果转化落地,并适度扩大自身人员和机构规模,增加外贸出口。高水平研究型大学应坚持自主创新战略。
In the national strategic scientific and technological forces,China's leading technology enterprises and high-level research universities play a leading role in promoting the high-quality development of China's innovation industry,helping to drive more universities and enterprises to innovate and ultimately bring about overall scientific and technological progress in China.It is necessary to study the coupling and coordination of innovation in strategic scientific and technological forces between universities and enterprises,in order to take targeted measures to improve the innovation indicators of high-level research universities and technology leading enterprises,promote innovation cooperation and coordinated development between the two,and enable them to jointly shoulder the innovation mission of national strategic scientific and technological forces.This is of great significance for improving the international competitiveness of China's innovation industry and enhancing the effectiveness of the national innovation system.Using the data of key universities and large and medium-sized high-tech enterprises,the comprehensive measurement index system of scientific and technological innovation level of China's high-level research universities and science and technology leading enterprises is constructed respectively,and the principal component analysis method is used to measure the comprehensive innovation level scores of the two.Then,the macro-level coupling and coordination relationship of the binary system is analyzed by using the coupling and coordination degree model.And further use the grey correlation method to examine the mutual influence between the innovation indicators of key universities and the innovation indicators of leading enterprises in science and technology in detail at the micro index level,namely the impact of various innovation indicators of key universities on the innovation level of technology leading enterprises,as well as the impact of various indicators of the innovation system of technology leading enterprises on the innovation level of high-level research universities,so as to reveal the micro coupling mechanism of the two systems at the index level.The findings of the study are as follows:first,the comprehensive innovation level of China's leading science and technology enterprises and high-level research universities is continuously improving.Second,the two innovation systems of China's leading science and technology enterprises and high-level research universities have gradually transitioned from low-level equilibrium to high-level equilibrium,from extremely uncoordinated to highly coordinated.Third,among the indicators that universities affect enterprises,the impact of scientific research projects,R&D achievements and scientific and technological services is mostly higher;Scientific and technological manpower has less impact than scientific and technological investment.Fourth,among the indicators that enterprises influence universities,foreign trade export has the greatest impact,and technology import has the smallest impact;Human factors and enterprise scale have a greater impact than capital factors.Suggestions:All sectors of society should take measures to promote innovative cooperation between strategic scientific and technological forces of universities and enterprises,and increase the investment in research and development funds of high-level research universities.Science and technology leading enterprises should strengthen cooperation with high-level research universities in scientific research projects,promote the transformation and implementation of scientific research achievements,appropriately expand the size of their own personnel and institutions,and increase foreign trade exports.High-level research universities need to adhere to the strategy of independent innovation.
作者
张煜
赵静
张金国
史冬梅
ZHANG Yu;ZHAO Jing;ZHANG Jin-guo;SHI Dong-mei(The High-Technology Research&Development Center,The Ministry of Science&Technology,Beijing 100044,China;School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Center for Strategic Studies Science and Technology Committee of Ministry of Education:Center of Science,Technology&Education Policy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;College of Marxism,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300000,China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期885-896,共12页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
国家自然科学基金重点国际合作研究项目(71520107005)
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(71721002)。
关键词
科技领军企业
高水平研究型大学
耦合协调
灰色关联
leading enterprises in science and technology
high-level research university
coupling coordination
grey correlation
