摘要
在中国西北干旱半干旱地区,适度灌溉是矿区植被重建早期能够存活的必要条件。通过野外小区定期观测试验结合室内分析等方法,得出矿区排土场边坡植被灌溉理想的状态应满足以下要求:(1)灌溉过程中既不发生深层渗漏也不产生坡面径流,以防造成次生水土流失;(2)灌溉过程中土壤水分尽量控制在坡面稳定的安全阈值以下,防止水分过高而形成坡面滑塌。通过野外现场试验观测数据分析得出如下研究结论:(1)制定出不同水文年份下不同单一植被、不同植被配置的节水灌溉制度;(2)提出适合当地的两套节水灌溉技术方案;(3)提出分级梯度灌溉技术,即一次灌水按坡上∶坡中∶坡下55%∶30%∶15%比例分时段灌完,充分利用灌溉水量,且不会产生坡面径流。
In the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China,moderate irrigation is a necessary condition for the early stage survival of vegetation reconstruction in the mining area.Through the method of field periodic observation and laboratory analysis,the ideal state of vegetation irrigation of mine dump slope should meet the following requirements:(1)Neither deep leakage nor slope runoff occurs in the irrigation process,so as to prevent secondary soil and water loss.(2)Soil moisture should be controlled below the safe threshold of slope stability to prevent excessive water from forming the phenomenon of the slump.Through the analysis of the field test data,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Water-saving irrigation system should be developed for different vegetation types and configurations for different hydrological years.(2)Two sets of water-saving irrigation technology schemes suitable for local areas were proposed.(3)A graded gradient irrigation technology,namely the primary irrigation water,should be completed in sections according to the up-slope:mid-slope:down-slope ratio of 55%:30%:15%to make full use of irrigation water and avoid slope runoff.
作者
刘艳萍
梁占岐
LIU Yanping;LIANG Zhanqi(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China)
基金
The Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020ZD0020)
The National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0504400)
The Project of Creating Ordos National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone(2022EEDSKJXM005)。
关键词
矿区排土场边坡
边坡稳定性
节水灌溉
梯度灌水技术
mine dump
slope stability
water-saving irrigation
gradient irrigation technology
