摘要
2022/2023年榨季我国甜菜糖产量108万t,约占食糖产量的12%,比上年增长25%。甜菜作为我国重要的糖料作物,近几年种植面积和产量的大幅波动非常引人瞩目。为此,基于199份甜菜农户的调查问卷,探究甜菜种植面积和产量的影响因素就尤为重要,主要得出以下结论:(1)2022年受甜菜价格上涨提振,甜菜种植面积增加明显。其中,内蒙古受到轮作土地和成本限制,种植积极性不如新疆地区。2023年因缺乏轮作土地和成本上涨,甜菜扩种热情削减。从区域异质性来看,内蒙古受政策和轮作土地影响较大,新疆受成本和作物竞争影响较大。(2)甜菜收购价格是影响种植面积的最主要因素,其次是甜菜单产,甜菜成本变动对种植面积也产生较大影响。(3)影响甜菜成本的主要因素是地租和生产资料,生产资料成本主要受化肥和农药价格变动的影响。(4)竞争作物和粮食补贴对甜菜种植面积也带来明显影响。(5)甜菜单产主要受甜菜品种、化肥施用、轮作倒茬的影响。(6)从现存的问题来看,生产成本上涨过快最受关注,作物竞争和气候异常的影响也比较严峻。此外,甜菜户均生产规模明显提升,2022年户均甜菜规模41.67 hm2,较2018—2020年提升128.08%;机械化程度总体较高,仅育苗移栽机械化程度略低。规模经营提升和机械化程度较高使得甜菜农户种植行为更为理性,对甜菜比较收益的反应更为敏感。
During the 2022/2023 crushing season in China,the sugar beet production reached 1.08 million tons,accounting for approximately 12%of the total sugar production,with a 25%increase compared to the previous year.Sugar beet,as an important sugar crop in China,has experienced significant fluctuations in both planting area and production in recent years,attracting considerable attention.Therefore,based on a questionnaire conducted among 199 sugar beet farmers,it is particularly important to explore the influencing factors of sugar beet planting area and yield.Several conclusions were drawn:(1)In 2022,the increase in sugar beet prices boosted the planting area significantly.Among them,in Inner Mongolia,limited by crop rotation land and costs,the enthusiasm for planting was not as high as in Xinjiang.In 2023,due to the lack of crop rotation land and cost increases,the enthusiasm for expanding sugar beet planting diminished.Regionally,Inner Mongolia was particularly affected by policies and crop rotation land,while Xinjiang was more influenced by costs and crop competition.(2)The sugar beet purchase price is the primary factor influencing the planting area,followed by sugar beet yield.Changes in sugar beet production costs also have a significant impact on the planting area.(3)The main factors affecting sugar beet production costs are land rent and production materials.Costs of production material are mainly influenced by changes in fertilizer and pesticide prices.(4)Competition from other crops and grain subsidies also have a significant impact on sugar beet planting area.(5)Sugar beet yield is mainly affected by sugar beet varieties,fertilizer application,and crop rotation.(6)Current concerns include the rapid increase in production costs,intense crop competition,and abnormal weather conditions.Additionally,there has been a significant increase in the average size of sugar beet production per household,with the average sugar beet scale per household reaching 41.67 hectares in 2022,an increase of 128.08%compared to 2018-2020.Overall,the level of mechanization is relatively high,with only slight lower mechanization in seedling transplanting machines.The increased scale of operations and high level of mechanization have made sugar beet farmers’planting behavior more rational and sensitive to comparative returns of sugar beets.
作者
刘晓雪
蒙威宇
谢由之
LIU Xiaoxue;MENG Weiyu;XIE Youzhi(School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048)
出处
《中国糖料》
2024年第2期92-102,共11页
Sugar Crops of China
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项经费(CARS-170601)资助。
关键词
食糖
甜菜
产量
种植面积
成本
地租
竞争作物
sugar
sugar beet
yield
planting area
cost
land rents
crops competition
