摘要
近年来,越来越多的劳动者选择新就业形态工作,加剧了制造业的缺工现象。为探究哪些人更倾向于选择新就业形态工作及其选择原因,首先,本文基于马克思政治经济学视角分析了新就业形态的本质,发现资本通过算法等手段加强对劳动的控制,攫取更多的剩余价值。但它通过分享制、时间自由等形式掩盖了剥削,以吸引劳动者。然后,本文利用第一手的调查数据发现,34岁左右的精壮劳动力最易选择新就业形态,选择的主要原因是收入高和时间自由。但平台缺乏必要的社会保障和培训机会,长此以往将损害劳动者的基本权益,并阻碍他们提升人力资本。最后提出政策启示:政府应着力推进制造业的高质量发展,并加强对新就业形态从业者的劳动权益保护。
In recent years,more and more workers choose new forms of employment,which has exacerbated the labor shortage in the manufacturing industry.To explore who tends to choose new forms of employment and the reasons behind their choice,this paper firstly analyzes the nature of new employment forms from the perspective of Marxist political economy.It reveals that capital strengthens control over labor and seeks to extract more surplus value through new technological tools such as algorithms.However,it also disguises exploitation through mechanisms like profit-sharing and flexible working hours to attract workers.Secondly,based on first-hand survey data,this paper empirically finds that individuals around the age of 34 with robust physical strength are most likely to choose new forms of employment.Furthermore,their primary reasons for making such choices are higher income and greater freedom in managing their time.However,these platforms fail to provide necessary social security and training opportunities for these workers.This situation not only hampers the protection of workers'basic labor rights but also impedes their human capital development.Finally,this paper puts forward corresponding policy implications:the government should vigorously promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry,and strengthen the protection of labor rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment.
作者
丁守海
陈雯雯
Ding Shouhai;Chen Wenzwen(School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China)
出处
《政治经济学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期118-133,共16页
China Review of Political Economy
基金
中国人民大学“中美贸易摩擦对出口企业影响调查”项目的阶段性研究成果
国家社科基金重大项目“强化就业优先政策、稳定和扩大就业研究”(21ZDA098)的资助。
关键词
新就业形态
制造业就业
就业选择
择业原因
劳动权益
new forms of employment
manufacturing employment
employment choice
reasons for choosing a career
labor rights and interest
