摘要
水流、光照与集群个体交互作用是影响鱼类过坝效率的关键因素,明确三者对鱼类运动特性的综合影响对提高水电工程过鱼效果意义非凡。本研究以鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼为对象,设置不同照度、流速、群体大小水平进行实验,考察不同工况下鱼体的趋流性、上溯积极性和游泳稳定性,量化其在3种因素叠加作用下的非疲劳游泳行为。结果表明:鳙幼鱼趋流性随流速递增显著增加,0.15与0.25 m·s^(-1)流速间递增趋势最为显著(3个照度水平下均P<0.001),随光照变化因流速而异,且在明亮群体条件下得到显著提升;光照可有效消除单尾鳙幼鱼的逆流后退趋势,且集群个体交互作用对鱼群上溯有明显促进作用;流速能有效提高鳙幼鱼的游泳稳定性,照度能够显著提高群体稳定性,三尾组各流速下的稳定性均随照度增大显著增加(0.15~0.65 m·s^(-1)流速下均P<0.05),而集群个体交互作用在黑暗环境中会削弱其稳定性;可通过调整鱼道进口和下行通道上游入口中的水流、光照和集群情况,优化鱼类的过坝环境,从而提升过鱼效果。
Water flow,light,and individual interaction are the key factors affecting fish-pass efficiency.Clarifying the comprehensive influence of those three factors on fish movement characteristics is of great significance for facilitating fish passage over the water power complex.In this study,we examined rheotaxis,upstream swimming activeness,and swimming stability of juvenile bighead carp under different illuminances,water flows,and schooling sizes,quantifying their non-fatigue swimming behavior under the combined effects of the three variables.The rheotaxis of juvenile bighead carp significantly increased with flow velocity with the maximal increment from 0.15 to 0.25 m·s^(-1)(P<0.001 for the three light treatments).The variation of rheotaxis with light differed with flow velocity,and the rheotaxis value significantly augmented in bright(10 lx and 100 lx)groups.In addition,light effectively eliminated the backward swimming trend of independent fish individual,and the interaction of clustering individuals significantly promoted the group’s upstream motion.The flow velocities effectively enhanced the swimming stability of juvenile bighead carp.Light only significantly improved the stability of group treatments,with their stability values at each flow velocity increasing significantly with illuminance(P<0.05 for flow velocities from 0.15 to 0.65 m·s^(-1)).In contrast,the interaction of clustering individuals compromised fish’s stability in dark conditions.Based on the findings,the fishpass can be optimized by mediating water flow,light environment,and grouping conditions at the entrance of the fishway and the upstream intake of the downstream route,thereby improving fish migration over the dam.
作者
向露露
石小涛
林晨宇
石尚上
张金玉
杨梓静
魏浪
金志军
XIANG Lulu;SHI Xiaotao;LIN Chenyu;SHIShangshang;ZHANG Jinyu;YANG Zijing;WEI Lang;JIN Zhijun(Hubei Fish Passage Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;Engineering Research Center for Ecological Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;PowerChina Guiyang Survey,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550000,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期946-958,共13页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52179070、52279069)
湖北省自然科学基金计划创新群体项目(2023AFA005)资助。
关键词
鳙
鱼类洄游
行为策略
集群个体交互作用
过鱼设施
Aristichthys nobilis
fish migration
behavioral strategy
schooling individual interaction
fish passage facility
