摘要
为了充分利用空间暴露资源,载人航天器往往设计支持少量或大规模暴露试验的开展,暴露试验项目包括专用舱外载荷和可更换舱外载荷。载人航天器可更换舱外载荷是在航天员或机械臂照料下通过舱外载荷接口设备实现在轨安装和更换。针对不同可更换舱外载荷的接口需求不尽相同、不同载人航天器之间或同一载人航天器不同舱段之间的舱外载荷接口设备不同、载人航天器暴露试验平台在地面阶段无法与全部可更换舱外载荷进行接口匹配等技术难点,文章提出一种载人航天器可更换舱外载荷接口模块化、标准化的通用设计方法。舱外载荷接口按照安装接口、供电接口、信息接口、热接口等功能分类进行模块化设计,各功能模块相互独立;各功能模块对外接口采用标准化设计,同一类型接口的形式及定义均相同。经过在轨飞行应用,表明载人航天器可更换舱外载荷接口通用设计方法可行、正确,为载人航天器滚动开展较大规模的空间科学实验与技术试验提供了有力支撑。
In order to make full use of space exposure resources,manned spacecraft are often designed to support the conduct of small or large-scale exposure experiments,which include dedicated extravehicular payloads and replaceable extravehicular payloads.The replaceable extravehicular payload of manned spacecraft is installed and replaced under the care of astronaut or the manipulator through extravehicular payload interface devices.The modular and standardized universal design method of replaceable extravehicular payload interface of manned spacecraft is proposed in this paper,aiming at the technical difficulties such as the different interface requirements for different extravehicular payloads,the different extravehicular payload interface equipment between different manned spacecraft or different module of the same manned spacecraft,unable to performing interface verification of the manned spacecraft exposure test platform and all replaceable extravehicular payloads during the ground phase.The extravehicular payload interface is designed in a modular manner according to the function classification of installation interface,power supply interface,information interface,thermal interface,and the functional modules are independent of each other.The external interface of each functional module adopts standardized design,the form and definition of the same type of interface are consistent.The universal design method of replaceable extravehicular payload interface of manned spacecraft is a successful verification for its application in large-scale space science experiments and technical experiments carried out by manned spacecraft.
作者
刘彦伟
赵振昊
LIU Yanwei;ZHAO Zhenhao(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《航天器工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期27-32,共6页
Spacecraft Engineering
关键词
载人航天器
舱外载荷接口
通用设计
在轨应用
manned spacecraft
extravehicular payload interface
universal design
on-orbit application
