摘要
【目的】提高果实成熟整齐度,促进油茶鲜果机械化采收。【方法】以‘长林18号’‘赣石83-4’‘赣石447’为试验对象,在果实成熟期喷施0.2、0.6、0.8、1.2 g/L乙烯利和等量清水,调查油茶果实开裂动态,测定果实表观性状指标、种仁内营养物质含量和脂肪酸组分及含量,揭示乙烯利对油茶果实成熟和品质的影响。【结果】1.2 g/L乙烯利处理促进油茶果实开裂的效果最好,1.2 g/L处理的裂果率达到50%的所需时间比对照缩短了4 d,比0.6、0.8 g/L处理缩短了2 d。喷施乙烯利后,油茶的单果鲜质量、鲜果出籽率、鲜果出仁率、果实含水率以及连续2 a的单株产量无明显变化,种仁可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、油脂含量及各脂肪酸组分含量有不同程度的变化;‘长林18号’种仁的可溶性糖含量减少,油脂和可溶性蛋白含量有所增加;‘赣石447’种仁的可溶性糖和油脂含量整体上分别呈现减少和增加的趋势;‘赣石83-4’种仁的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均减少,油脂含量增加。‘长林18号’和‘赣石447’种仁的饱和脂肪酸含量明显升高,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低;‘赣石83-4’种仁的饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量的变化不明显。【结论】在不影响果实产量和品质的前提下,可在成熟期对‘长林18号’和‘赣石83-4’喷施质量浓度为1.2 g/L的乙烯利溶液,对‘赣石447’喷施质量浓度为0.8 g/L的乙烯利溶液,来缩短油茶成熟进程,使其果实同步成熟。
【Objective】In order to improve the ripening uniformity of fruit,and promote the application of fresh fruit harvesting machinery of Camellia oleifera.【Method】‘Chang Lin No.18’‘Gan Shi 83-4’‘Gan Shi 447’were used as test materials.0.4,0.6,0.8,1.2 g/L ethephon solution and water were sprayed during C.oleifera fruit ripening.The cracking rate of fruit,fruit phenotypic quality,nutrient and fatty acid contents within the seed kernel were investigated to reveal the effect of ethephon solution on the ripening and quality of fruits.【Result】1.2 g/L treatment had the best effect on promoting the cracking rate.In addition,compared with the control cracking rate of 50%,0.6 g/L and 0.8 g/L treatment could be shortened by about 2 days,and 1.2 g/L treatment could be shortened by about 4 days.After spraying ethephon,there were no significant changes in the fresh mass,fresh fruit seed yield,fresh fruit kernel yield,fruit moisture content and yield per plant in 2021 and 2022,and the soluble sugar content,soluble protein,oil and fatty acid components of seed kernels changed to varying degrees.The soluble sugar content of the early maturing variety‘Chang Lin No.18’decreased,while the oil content and soluble protein increased.The soluble sugar and oil content of the late maturing variety‘Ganshi 447’decreased and increased respectively.The soluble sugar content and soluble protein of‘Ganshi 83-4’decreased,while the oil content increased.The saturated fatty acids of‘Chang Lin No.18’and‘Ganshi 447’increased significantly,the unsaturated fatty acids significantly reduced,and the saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids of‘Ganshi 83-4’did not change significantly.【Conclusion】On the premise of not affecting the yield and quality of the fruits,‘Chang Lin No.18’and‘Ganshi 83-4’can be sprayed with ethephon solution at a concentration of 1.2 g/L,while‘Ganshi 447’can be spayed at a concentration of 0.8 g/L to shorten the ripening process and to promote synchronous maturation of fruit.
作者
刘雪
叶甜甜
施帆
周晓香
苏淑钗
LIU Xue;YE Tiantian;SHI Fan;ZHOU Xiaoxiang;SU Shuchai(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100091,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Meteorological Service,Nanchang 330029,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2024年第1期1-10,共10页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002401)。
关键词
油茶
乙烯利
果实同步成熟
果实品质
Camellia oleifera
ethephon
synchronous maturation of fruit
fruit quality
