摘要
[目的]基于长期定位试验,研究长期有机无机肥配施下褐土有机碳含量及其组分构成的演变特征,以深入了解有机肥对土壤碳固存能力的影响机制,为通过科学养分管理实现褐土生态环境稳定和提高生产力提供理论依据。[方法]有机无机肥配施试验于1992年在山西寿阳旱地农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站进行,种植制度为一年一季玉米。试验采用氮、磷、有机肥三因素四水平正交设计,共18个处理,本研究选择其中的9个处理:N_(0)P_(0)M_(0)、N_(1)P_(1)M_(0)、N_(2)P_(2)M_(0)、N_(3)P_(3)M_(0)、N_(4)P_(4)M_(0)、N_(2)P_(1)M_(1)、N_(3)P_(2)M_(3)、N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)、N_(0)P_(0)M_(6)。N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)、N_(4)的施N量分别为0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm^(2),P_(0)、P_(1)、P_(2)、P_(3)、P_(4)的施P_(2)O_(5)量分别为0、37.5、75、112.5、150 kg/hm^(2),M_(0)、M_(1)、M_(2)、M_(3)、M_(6)的有机肥用量分别为0、22.5、45、67.5、135 t/hm^(2)。以5年为1个周期,分别在1996、2001、2006、2011、2016、2020年玉米收获后,采集0-20 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤有机质含量,以及有机碳各组分含量,分析碳投入与土壤有机碳及其各碳组分含量之间的关系,探讨固碳速率和固碳效率在不同碳投入下的响应。[结果]连续试验29年后,与不施肥处理N_(0)P_(0)M_(0)相比,化肥有机肥配合处理N_(2)P_(1)M_(1)、N_(3)P_(2)M_(3)、N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)和N_(0)P_(0)M_(6)的土壤有机碳含量分别提高了25.7%、72.4%、30.3%和220%,各项碳组分含量均显著增加。与初始值相比,化肥处理N1P1M0、N3P3M0、N4P4M0的土壤颗粒有机碳含量分别降低了0.41、0.89和0.41 g/kg,易氧化有机碳含量分别大幅降低了40.3%、26.4%和9.6%。各处理土壤碳库管理指数的年际变化总体表现为先大幅降低再逐渐上升的趋势,其中N0P0M6处理碳库管理指数最高,较N0P0M0处理提高了6.6倍。长期施肥定位试验中,化肥配施有机肥处理N_(2)P_(1)M_(1)、N_(3)P_(2)M_(3)、N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)的土壤总有机碳固定速率在0.22~0.58 t/(hm^(2)∙a),远高于化肥处理N_(1)P_(1)M_(0)、N_(2)P_(2)M_(0)、N_(3)P_(3)M_(0)、N_(4)P_(4)M_(0),土壤有机碳各组分的固持速率变化趋势与总有机碳基本一致。现阶段土壤各组分有机碳储量和增加量与累积碳投入间呈显著正线性相关关系(P<0.01),且仍未出现饱和现象。[结论]长期有机无机肥配合施用显著增加了褐土有机碳及其组分含量,提高了土壤固碳速率和固碳潜力,且施用高量有机肥最有利于农田土壤碳固持和维持土壤肥力。因此,长期有机培肥是有效提高褐土土壤质量和增强土壤碳“汇”功能的农田施肥措施。
[Objectives]We studied the evolution of organic carbon content and composition of cinnamon soil based on a long-term positioning experiment,to deeply understand the mechanism of organic fertilizer on the carbon sequestration of soil,and to provide nutrient management basis for improving the function and productivity of cinnamon soil in maintaining ecological environment stability.[Methods]The long-term fertilization experiment was started since 1992,and located in the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Dry Land Agricultural Ecosystem in Shouyang,Shanxi Province,with planting system of one crop a year.An orthogonal design of three factors and four levels was used for the experiment,and nine of the 18 treatments were chosen for this research,including one blank control(N_(0)P_(0)M_(0)),four chemical fertilizer treatments(N_(1)P_(1)M_(0),N_(2)P_(2)M_(0),N_(3)P_(3)M_(0)and N_(4)P_(4)M_(0)),and four chemical and manure combination treatments(N_(2)P_(1)M_(1),N_(3)P_(2)M_(3),N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)and N_(0)P_(0)M_(6)).The N amounts for N_(0),N_(1),N_(2),N_(3)and N_(4)were 0,60,120,180 and 240 kg/hm^(2);the P2O5 amounts in P_(0),P_(1),P_(2),P_(3)and P_(4)were 0,37.5,75,112.5 and 150 kg/hm^(2);the organic fertilizer dosage in M_(0),M_(1),M_(2),M_(3)and M_(6)were 0,22.5,45,67.5 and 135 t/hm^(2),respectively.After harvesting maize in 1996,2001,2006,2011,2016 and 2020,soil samples in 0-20 cm soil layer were collected to determine the content of total and individual component of organic carbon.The relationship between carbon input and the content of total and individual organic carbon component,and the response of carbon sequestration rate and efficiency of treatment soils were assessed.[Results]After 29 years of continuous experiments,N_(2)P_(1)M_(1),N_(3)P_(2)M_(3),N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)and N_(0)P_(0)M_(6)treatments increased the total soil organic carbon content by 25.7%,72.4%,30.3% and 220%,respectively,and significantly increased the contents of various carbon components.Compared with the respective initial values,N_(0)P_(0)M_(0),N_(1)P_(1)M_(0),N_(2)P_(2)M_(0),N_(3)P_(3)M_(0)and N_(4)P_(4)M_(0)treatments decreased soil particulate organic carbon content by 0.41,0.89,and 0.41 g/kg,and drastically decreased the readily oxidizable carbon content by 40.3%,26.4%and 9.6%,respectively.During the 29 years period,the soil carbon pool management indices of all the treatments decreased sharply at first and then gradually increased,N0P0M6 treatment exhibited the highest carbon pool management index,which was 6.6 times higher than that of N0P0M0.The total soil organic carbon sequestration rates in N_(2)P_(1)M_(1),N_(3)P_(2)M_(3)and N_(4)P_(2)M_(2)treatments were 0.22-0.58 t/(hm^(2)∙a),which were much higher than those in N_(1)P_(1)M_(0),N_(2)P_(2)M_(0),N_(3)P_(3)M_(0)and N_(4)P_(4)M_(0)treatments.The increment of all the organic carbon components showed a positive and linear relationship with the cumulative carbon input,and did not reach platform within the tested organic carbon input levels yet.[Conclusions]Long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly increases the total and various components of organic carbon contents,and increases the carbon sequestration rate and potential of the cinnamon soil.High organic fertilizer application rate is conducive to soil carbon sequestration and fertility maintenance,therefore,is considered an effective fertilization measurement to improve the fertility and function of carbon sink of cinnamon soil.
作者
王雅润
赵娟
杨振兴
周怀平
解文艳
刘志平
WANG Ya-run;ZHAO Juan;YANG Zhen-xing;ZHOU Huai-ping;XIE Wen-yan;LIU Zhi-ping(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030031,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期469-481,共13页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900402,2021YFD1900705)
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100501)
山西农业大学科技创新提升工程项目(CXGC2023025)。
关键词
长期施肥
褐土
有机碳组分
固碳效率
long-term fertilization
cinnamon soil
organic carbon components
carbon sequestration efficiency
