摘要
平台经济催生出庞大的平台劳动者群体以及平台劳动的新形态。在主流的劳动过程理论看来,平台通过算法等技术手段使平台劳动者面临着严苛的劳动控制,丧失了劳动自主性。随着平台劳动者类型不断分化,球鞋鉴定师等新兴的技能型平台劳动者却能够享有较高的劳动自主性,这与劳动过程理论的观点形成了反差。面对这类新群体,为了探究其劳动自主性的形成机制,本研究建构了“基于人力资本专有性的劳资互动视角”的分析框架。结合T平台的个案经验,本研究一方面从鉴定技能、个人资历、个人权威等方面梳理了球鞋鉴定师人力资本专有性的关键构成要素,另一方面也分析了平台在工作流程、组织管理、收益分配等方面针对人力资本专有性所做出的制度设计。研究发现,凭借难以被替代的人力资本,球鞋鉴定师在劳资关系中占据优势地位,通过促成劳资之间的协商谈判与制度建构,球鞋鉴定师得以真正从劳资互动中获得劳动自主性空间。
The platform economy has given rise to a huge group of platform workers and a new form of platform labor.In the view of mainstream labor process theory,platform exposes workers to harsh labor control and loss of labor autonomy through algorithms and other technical means.As the types of platform workers continue to differentiate,however,emerging skilled platform workers such as sneaker appraisers are able to enjoy a higher degree of labor autonomy,which contrasts with the view of labor process theory.In order to investigate the formation mechanism of labor autonomy for this new group,this study constructs an analytical framework of“labor-management interaction based on the exclusivity of human capital”.Taking the T platform as an example,this study not only summarizes the key components of the exclusivity of human capital of the sneaker appraisers from the aspects of appraisal skill,personal qualification and personal authority,but also analyses the institutional design made by the platform for the exclusivity of human capital including working process,organization management and income distribution.The study finds that sneaker appraisers have a dominant position in labor-management relations by their irreplaceable human capital,and by facilitating negotiation and institutional construction between labor and management,sneaker appraisers can truly gain labor autonomy from labor-management interactions.
作者
严雪雁
YAN Xueyan(School of Sociology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China 430074)
出处
《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第2期40-55,共16页
Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition
关键词
球鞋鉴定师
平台劳动
劳动自主性
人力资本专有性
劳资互动
Sneaker Appraiser
Platform Labor
Labor Autonomy
Exclusivity of Human Capital
Labor-Management Interaction
