摘要
证明责任的本质功能在于案件事实真伪不明时为法官裁判提供制度装置,重要功能在于促使控辩双方积极举证以推进诉讼程序。我国正当防卫条款之所以久唤不醒,正当防卫认定之所以举步维艰,除正当防卫实体要件的厘定外,关键在于正当防卫证明责任承担之厘清。然而,司法实务中正当防卫的证明责任承担存在着随意和混乱的顽疾。分析两大法系主要国家正当防卫证明责任承担的历史流变及影响因素,可为厘清我国正当防卫之证明责任承担提供借镜。不过,正当防卫证明责任作为实体法与程序法的交汇场域,需立基于我国的犯罪构成理论、诉讼模式及控辩力量,确立被告人就正当防卫承担修正的提供证据责任。
The essential function of the burden of proof is to provide system devices for judges when the truth of a case is not clear,and the important function is to urge the prosecution and the defense to produce evidence to promote the litigation procedure actively.The key reason why the clause of self-defense in China is dormant and the finding of self-defense is difficult lies in the burden of proof as well as the clarification of the elements of self-defense.However,the burden of proof on self-defense is random and chaotic in judicial practice.The analysis of the history and factors of the burden of proof on self-defense in the major countries of two legal systems can provide a way to clarify it in China.As the intersection of substantive and procedural laws,the burden of proof on self-defense needs to be established based on the theory of crime construction,litigation mode and the strength of prosecution and defense in China,so as to establish the defendant's revised burden of producing evidence.
作者
王从光
WANG Cong-guang(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science&Law,Chongqing,401120)
出处
《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期99-106,共8页
Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
重庆市社会科学规划博士和培育项目“实体性出罪事由证明研究”(2023BS059)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色刑事证据理论体系研究”(18ZDA139)
西南政法大学智能司法研究院2022年度合规专项课题“企业合规量刑激励机制研究”(ZNHG2022K11)。
关键词
正当防卫
证明责任
犯罪构成
诉讼模式
修正的提供证据责任
Self-defense
Burden of Proof
Construction of Crime
Pattern of Litigation
Revised Burden of Producing Evidence
