摘要
现代汉语中有一组“着X”类表心理活动词,如“着急”“着慌”“着忙”“着迷”“着魔”等。通过同步构词、语义演变、同步引申、例句解读等,重申“着”的“感受”义。“着X”类表心理活动词出现在近代汉语时期,明代发展成熟。“着急”“着慌”“着忙”“着恼”“着迷”“着魔”在现代汉语普通话中继续使用;“着紧”“着气”“着惊”保存在现代汉语方言中,它们降格为方言词与同义词之间的竞争有关;“着急”“着惊”在现代汉语方言中有进一步发展。现代汉语方言中还存在一些未见于近代汉语文献的“着X”类表心理活动词。
In modern Chinese,there are a group of“Zhao(着)X”words that represent psychological activities,such as“Zhaoji(着急),”“Zhaohuang(着慌),”“Zhaomang(着忙),”“Zhaomi(着迷),”“Zhaomo(着魔)”and so on.Through synchronous word formation,semantic evolution,synchronous extension,example interpretation and so on,the“feel”meaning of“Zhao(着)”is reiterated.The“Zhao(着)X”type of psychological activity words appeared in the pre-modern Chinese period and developed to maturation in the Ming Dynasty.The words“Zhaoji(着急),”“Zhaohuang(着慌),”“Zhaomang(着忙),”“Zhaonao(着恼),”“Zhaomi(着迷)”and“Zhaomo(着魔)”continue to be used in modern Mandarin Chinese.“Zhaojin(着紧),”“Zhaoqi(着气)”and“Zhaojing(着惊)”are preserved in modern Chinese dialects,their demotion to dialect words is related to synonym competition.“Zhaoji(着急)”and“Zhaojing(着惊)”are further developed in modern Chinese dialects.There are still some“Zhao(着)X”words in modern Chinese dialects which are not found in pre-modern Chinese literature.
作者
汤传扬
TANG Chuanyang(School of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100732,China)
出处
《西南科技大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2024年第2期54-60,共7页
Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology:Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社科基金重大项目:近代汉语常用词词库与常用词历史演变研究,项目编号:11&ZD125
国家社科基金一般项目:基于深加工语料库实践的汉语史分词规范研究,项目编号:22BYY108
国家社科基金一般项目:汉语介词的语义地图研究,项目编号:23BYY041。
关键词
“着X”
历时演变
共时分布
“Zhao(着)X
”diachronic evolution
synchronic distribution
