摘要
单身女性冻卵作为新社会背景下的权利现象逐渐形成。中国宪法、法律并未限制单身女性应用辅助生殖技术,但下位法设定“已婚”为技术应用条件,构成对其冻卵权的实质剥夺。单身女性冻卵已具有充分的权利基础:允许单身男性出于“生殖保险”目的冻精而限制单身女性冻卵未通过平等原则审查,构成对单身女性平等权的侵犯;卵子作为女性身体组成部分,受身体权“行动自由”权能所涵射;单身女性确享有辅助生育权,冻卵属于辅助生育选择权与辅助生育保障权的权利内容。为落实现代社会单身女性冻卵的利益诉求,当以尊重生育自主决定权为立法价值取向,并基于社会伦理、健康风险设定冻卵权的合理限制。建立卵子库以作为制度规范的现实基础,配套其保险制度、报备制度与卵子处置规则。此外,冻卵技术提供主体应严格限定于公立医疗机构,禁止商业性冻卵服务,以防止单身女性受到父权主义下的“社会控制”。
The phenomenon of single women’s egg freezing as a right in the new social context has gradually been formed.Although China’s constitution and laws do not restrict the use of assisted reproductive technology by single women,the subordinate law sets“marriage”as a condition for the use of this technology,which constitutes a substantial deprivation of single women’s right to freeze eggs.There is sufficient basis for single women’s right to freeze eggs:allowing single men to freeze sperm for the purpose of“reproductive insurance”and restricting single women from freezing eggs fails to pass the review of the principle of equality,which constitutes a violation of the equality right of single women;as an integral part of the female body,the egg can be embodied by the“freedom of movement”power of the body’s right;single women are entitled to the right of assisted reproduction,and egg freezing belongs to the right to choose assisted reproduction and the right to guarantee assisted reproduction.To realize the interests of single women in modern society to freeze eggs,respect for the right to make independent decisions on reproduction should be regarded as the legislative value orientation,and reasonable restrictions on the right to freeze eggs should be set based on social ethics and health risks.An egg bank should be established as a realistic basis for system norms to support its insurance system,reporting system and egg disposal rules.In addition,the providers of egg freezing technology should be strictly limited to public medical institutions,and commercial egg freezing services should be prohibited to prevent single women from being“socially controlled”under patriarchy.
作者
张靖辰
ZHANG Jingchen(School of Law,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期101-110,共10页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人类辅助生殖技术的法律规制研究”(21JZD032)。
关键词
单身女性
冻卵
辅助生殖技术
生育
辅助生育权
single women
egg freezing
assisted reproductive technology
reproduction
assisted reproduction right
