摘要
【目的】农田土壤镉污染严重威胁农产品质量安全,探讨化肥减量同时配施不同有机肥条件下小麦和燕麦各器官镉积累、分配及转运特征,对于指导作物合理施肥、保证农产品安全具有重要意义。【方法】在化肥施用减量20%基础上,设厩肥30000 kg/hm^(2)(AM)、生物有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)(BF)、厩肥30000 kg/hm^(2)+生物有机肥600 kg/hm^(2)(AM+BF)及化肥正常施用量(CK)4个施肥处理,研究不同有机肥处理对小麦和燕麦镉积累、分配、转运特征的影响。【结果】(1)与CK相比,不同有机肥配施处理可使小麦和燕麦生物量增加6.78%~11.00%;同时可使各器官镉含量总体降低,其中籽粒镉含量降低11.76%~47.06%。(2)各有机肥配施处理使各器官镉富集系数总体降低,籽粒富集系数降低0~38.46%;BF、AM+BF处理根、茎、叶、穗镉向籽粒的转运系数分别降低16.67%~42.86%、15.79%~42.03%、0~56.10%、6.82%~22.06%。(3)燕麦灌浆期后茎秆镉含量下降伴随着籽粒镉含量上升;燕麦抽穗期后各器官镉向籽粒的转移量、转移率、贡献率均以茎秆为最高。【结论】化肥减量配施有机肥可降低作物籽粒镉含量、富集系数和转运系数,且对燕麦籽粒降镉效果优于小麦;燕麦抽穗期后茎秆转运的镉是籽粒镉积累的主要来源。
[Objective]Cadmium pollution in farmland soil poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products.To explore the characteristics of cadmium accumulation,distribution,and transport in various organs of wheat and oat under different conditions of reduced chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application is of great importance in guiding appropriate fertilizer application on crops and ensuring the safety of agricultural products.[Methods]Based on a 20%reduction in fertilizer application,four fertilization treatments were set up:Stable fertilizer 30000 kg/hm^(2)(AM),bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)(BF),stable fertilizer 30000 kg/hm^(2)+bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)(AM+BF),and normal fertilizer application(CK).The effects of the above four different organic fertilizer treatments on cadmium accumulation,distribution,and transport in wheat and oat were studied.[Results](1)Compared with CK,different organic fertilizer combinations increased the biomass of wheat and oat by 6.78%-11.00%.At the same time,it reduced the overall cadmium content in various organs,with a decrease of 11.76%-47.06%in grain cadmium content.(2)The combined application of various organic fertilizers resulted in an overall decrease in the cadmium enrichment coefficient of various organs,with a decrease of 0-38.46%in the grain enrichment coefficient.The transport coefficients of cadmium from roots,stems,leaves,and panicles to grains were decreased by 16.67%-42.86%,15.79%-42.03%,0-56.10%,and 6.82%-22.06%,respectively in BF and AM+BF treatments.(3)The decrease in stem cadmium content after oat filling period was accompanied by an increase in grain cadmium content.The transfer amount,transfer rate,and contribution rate of cadmium from various organs to grains in oats after heading stage were the highest in the stem.[Conclusion]Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers could reduce cadmium content,enrichment coefficient,and transport coefficient in crop grains,and the cadmium reduction effect on oat grains was better than that on wheat.The cadmium transported from the stem after the heading stage of oats was the main source of grain cadmium accumulation.
作者
高广贤
赵宝平
刘义强
鲁瑞英
王永宁
郭晓宇
GAO Guangxian;ZHAO Baoping;LIU Yiqiang;LU Ruiying;WANG Yongning;GUO Xiaoyu(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center,Hohhot 010000,China;Bayannur Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期706-715,共10页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-07)
内蒙古科技成果转化项目(2020CG0032)。
关键词
小麦
燕麦
镉
富集
转运
有机肥
wheat
oat
cadmium
enrichment
transport
organic fertilizer
