摘要
妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)严重影响母亲及其子代近远期健康。GDM会增加剖宫产、巨大胎儿、大于胎龄儿、新生儿低血糖、高胰岛素血症、高胆红素血症、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、早产、肩难产、产伤等不良围产儿结局的发生风险;对于远期健康的影响来看,GDM会导致母亲及其子代成年期2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)、心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)等慢性非传染性疾病的风险显著增加。本文从GDM对母儿不良妊娠结局的影响,GDM对母亲T2DM、CVD远期健康的影响,GDM对子代肥胖、糖代谢异常、CVD、神经系统发育的影响三方面,基于最新的循证医学证据进行了阐述,强调了应关注生命早期1 000 d,充分认识到生命早期对于预防远期慢性非传染性疾病的重要性,针对GDM母亲及其子代应尽早采取均衡饮食、积极锻炼等个性化预防和干预措施,对于降低近期不良妊娠结局和远期慢性非传染性疾病的风险和全生命周期健康具有十分重要且深远的意义。
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)seriously affects the short and long-term health of mothers and their offspring.GDM increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as cesarean section,macrosomia,neonatal hypoglycemia,hyperinsulinemia,hyperbilirubinemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,premature birth,shoulder dystocia,and birth injuries in offspring;In terms of long-term health impact,GDM will significantly increase the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and cardiovascular disease(CVD)in the adult period of both mothers and their offspring.This article elaborates the impact of GDM on adverse pregnancy outcomes in both mother and fetus,the impact of GDM on the long-term health of mothers the impact of GDM on offspring obesity,abnormal glucose metabolism,CVD,and neurological development based on the latest evidence-based medicine evidence.It was emphasized that attention should be paid to the early life 1000 day,and the importance of early life in preventing long-term non-communicable chronic diseases should be fully recognized.For GDM mothers and their offspring,personalized prevention and intervention measures such as balanced diet and active exercise should be taken as soon as possible.It has significant and far-reaching implications for reducing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term non-communicable chronic diseases,as well as for overall lifecycle health.
作者
隽娟
高迪
杨慧霞
Juan Juan;Gao Di;Yang Huixia(Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China)
出处
《中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期1-7,I0001,共8页
Chinese Journal of the Frontiers of Medical Science(Electronic Version)
基金
国家自然科学基金(82003528)
中央高水平医院临床研究基金(22cz020401-4811009)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2700700)。
关键词
妊娠期糖尿病
近远期健康影响
母亲
子代
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Short and long-term health impacts
Mother
Offspring
