摘要
为研究氮肥减量结合生物炭对玉米大豆间作群体光合特性和产量的影响,设置不同种植模式(玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米大豆间作)、生物炭(2,4,6 t·hm^(-2))、氮肥减量(165,210,255 kg·hm^(-2))三因素试验,采用正交试验设计方法,探讨不同种植模式氮肥减量配施生物炭的适宜用量。结果表明:单作与间作模式玉米适宜的用量分别为氮肥210与255 kg·hm^(-2),生物炭用量均为4 t·hm^(-2)。间作系统产量达到13395 kg·hm^(-2),较单作玉米下降20.13%,间作玉米、大豆较相应单作产量分别下降35.69%和56.39%,有效株数低是导致间作玉米产量下降的主要原因,而单位面积株数与单株粒数的合理调控是决定间作大豆产量高低的关键因素。间作处理IN3C2(氮肥225 kg·hm^(-2)、生物炭4 t·hm^(-2))玉米的Pn从大口期到灌浆期持续升高,在灌浆期达到峰值,大豆从开花期经历结荚期到鼓粒期持续升高,在鼓粒期达到峰值,较其它处理具有显著光合优势,且大豆在结荚期和鼓粒期表现显著的边际优势。综上,滴灌下,氮肥减量与生物炭配施,单作和间作玉米较优的氮肥用量分别为210和255 kg·hm^(-2),生物炭为4 t·hm^(-2)。
To study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with biochar on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize and soybean intercropping populations,we used the orthogonal experimental design method to test the three factors of different planting patterns(maize mono-cropping Y,soybean mono-cropping D,maize and soybean intercropping J),biochar(2,4 and 6 t·ha^(-1))and nitrogen reduction(165,210 and 255 kg·ha^(-1)).To explore the appropriate amount of nitrogen reduction combined with biochar in different planting patterns.The results showed that the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 210 and 255 kg·ha^(-1),respectively,and the amount of biochar was 4 t·ha^(-1)in both mono-cropping and intercropping modes.The yield of intercropping system reached 13395 kg·ha^(-1),which was 20.13%lower than that of mono-cropping maize,and the yield of intercropping maize and soybean was 35.69%and 56.39%lower than that of mono-cropping maize,respectively.The low number of effective plants was the main reason for the decrease of intercropping maize yield.The reasonable control of plant number per unit area and seed number per plant is the key factor to determine the yield of intercropping soybean.The Pn of IN3C2(nitrogen fertilizer 225 kg·hm^(-2)and biochar 4 t·hm^(-2))corn in intercropping treatment continued to increase from the opening stage to the filling stage and reached the peak value at the filling stage,and the Pn of soybean continued to increase from the flowering stage through the podding stage to the drumming stage and reached the peak value at the drumming stage,showing a significant photosynthetic advantage compared with other treatments,and soybean showed a significant marginal advantage at the podding stage and the drumming stage.In conclusion,under drip irrigation,nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application,the optimal nitrogen dosage of maize was 210 and 255 kg·ha^(-1)and biochar was 4 t·ha^(-1),respectively.
作者
秦德志
崔文芳
陈静
刘剑
秦丽
严海欧
QIN Dezhi;CUI Wenfang;CHEN Jing;LIU Jian;QIN Li;YAN Haiou(Vaational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期332-341,共10页
Soybean Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(32160506)
内蒙古科技计划项目(2022YFHH0033)。
关键词
玉米
大豆
间作
光合特性
产量
maize
soybean
intercropping
photosynthetic characteristics
yield
