摘要
光学超构表面凭借其小型化集成化的优势和对光场出色的调控能力,近年来已被深入应用于光学微操控技术研究,这标志着该交叉领域进入了新的发展阶段。特别地,由于超构表面的尺寸在亚波长级别,具有被光场驱动从而产生机械运动的潜力,这一特性为新一代光驱动的人工微机器人提供了重要的理论基础和技术支撑。本文依次从光学微操控的基本原理和超表面的相位机制出发,详细回顾了基于超构表面的多种微操控器件,包括超构表面光镊、多功能微操控系统、超构机械等,并结合微纳结构的拓扑光学性质,对拓扑光操控等新奇效应进行了探讨。最后,本文展望了超构表面微操纵技术的未来发展方向和目标。
Significance Optical micromanipulation utilizes optical force to dynamically control particles,which has the characteristics of non-contact and can be operated in a vacuum environment.Since the invention of optical tweezers in the 1980s,the field has experienced rapid development and has given rise to many emerging research directions,such as holographic optical tweezers,near-field evanescent wave optical tweezers,fiber optic tweezers,optoelectronic tweezers,and photo-induced temperature field optical tweezers,providing rich and powerful tools for fields such as biology,chemistry,nanoscience,and quantum technology.These methods can not only capture,separate,and transport small objects but also allow more precise manipulation,such as the rotation of small objects.However,traditional manipulation methods rely on tightly focused local light,greatly limiting the action range of optical force.In addition,in order to generate a structured light field,larger optical components such as spatial light modulators are usually required,making it difficult to miniaturize and integrate the optical manipulation system.In recent years,metasurfaces have emerged as integrated devices composed of subwavelength nanoantennas,promising new opportunities for optical micromanipulation.This ultra-thin artificial microstructure device can flexiblely control multiple degrees of freedom such as amplitude,phase,and polarization of light,by specially designing the geometric shape,size,and material of its own micro/nanostructure.Compared with traditional optical components such as liquid crystal spatial light modulators,gratings,and lenses,metasurfaces exhibit higher operating bandwidth,structural compactness,and integration.With the merits of miniaturization,integration,and excellent performance in light tailoring,optical metasurfaces have been extensively incorporated into the realm of optical micromanipulation.Especially,owing to their peculiar photomechanical properties,the metasurfaces hold the ability to be actuated by light fields,paving the way to the next generation of light-driven artificial micro-robots.The fast development of this subject indicates that the time is now ripe to overview recent progress in this cross-field.Progress We summarized principles of optical micromanipulation and metasurfaces(Fig.1)and overviewed metamanipulation devices,including metasurface-based optical tweezers(Fig.2),tractor beams(Fig.5),multifunctional micromanipulation systems(Fig.3),and metamachines(Figs.7 and 8).Furthermore,we provided a detailed discussion of novel mechanical effects,such as topological light manipulation,which stems from the topological characteristics of nanostructures(Fig.6).Conclusions and Prospects We review the cutting-edge developments in the field of optical micromanipulation based on metasurfaces.The metasurface-based micromanipulation technology is expected to evolve toward higher temporal resolution,higher spatial accuracy,and lower manipulation power.To this end,more urgent requirements have been imposed on the underlying design scheme and experimental preparation standards of the metasurface.Although the introduction of metasurfaces has benefited micromanipulation systems and significantly reduced their sizes,there is still much room for further development and improvement in wide bands,multi-dimensional responses,and device thresholds.In terms of micromanipulation systems,the subwavelength-scale structure of metasurfaces will continue to be a key focus of research.Especially in the field of topological light manipulation,it is expected to further expand its research scope,combining non-Abelitan,non-Hermitian,and nonlinear effects to discover new physical phenomena.In the fields of biology and chemistry,metasurface technology is expected to be flexibly applied on smaller scales,even achieving manipulation of single molecule-level objects.This technology is expected to be further applied to the fields such as battery quality inspection and targeted therapy,bringing changes to the basic research and practical applications of energy and life sciences.Specifically,in the development of ultrafast optics,metasurfaces are gradually exhibiting unique advantages.Nanoscale superlattice enables high-resolution spectral measurements,and the design of nonlinear superlattice surfaces can be used to enhance nonlinear effects or generate high-order harmonics,making high time resolution transient micromanipulation technology possible.Overall,the technological evolution from traditional optical micromanipulation to meta-manipulation will continue to drive the vigorous development of nanophotonics.This technological paradigm not only meets the needs of various basic research but also arouses more innovative applications,opening up new prospects for branched sciences and technologies.
作者
徐孝浩
高文禹
李添悦
邵天骅
李星仪
周源
高歌泽
王国玺
严绍辉
王漱明
姚保利
Xu Xiaohao;Gao Wenyu;Li Tianyue;Shao Tianhua;Li Xingyi;Zhou Yuan;Gao Geze;Wang Guoxi;Yan Shaohui;Wang Shuming;Yao Baoli(State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics,Xi an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi an 710119,Shaanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,School of Physics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;College of Optical Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《光学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1-18,共18页
Acta Optica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发项目(2022YFA1404300,2023YFF0613700)
国家自然科学基金(12274181,11974417,12127805,62135005,12325411,62288101,11774162)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(020414380175)
瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLST202218)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX23_0096)。
关键词
超构表面
光学微操控
光镊
光子力学
metasurface
optical micromanipulation
optical tweezers
photomechanics
