摘要
碳分子筛(CMS)具有孔隙结构发达、孔径分布均匀、热稳定性高等优点,可用于吸附、催化等领域。本文从CMS制备技术及其应用入手,介绍了煤、有机高分子聚合物和生物质作为CMS制备原料的性能差异,比较了活化法、沉积法、热缩聚法和模板法等方法制备CMS的优缺点,其中,炭化法、活化法及热缩聚法操作简单,但炭化法对原料要求高,活化法使用KOH等活化剂易产生有毒废水,热缩聚法则能耗较高;苯沉积法和模板法都可调节孔径结构,但苯沉积受沉积温度、流速等因数影响,而模板法与活化法一样,易产生有毒废水。重点阐述KOH活化法和苯类气相沉积法制备CMS的原理,以及可以利用减少CMS晶粒尺寸、引入空心或多级孔结构、保留微孔提供的催化活性中心等CMS改性方式来提高CMS性能。总结了CMS在吸附分离、催化等领域的应用现状,对CMS的发展方向进行了展望。
Carbon molecular sieve(CMS)had the advantages of developed pore structure,uniform pore size distribution,high thermal stability and chemical stability,which could be used in adsorption,catalysis and other fields.This paper started with the preparation technology and application of CMS.The performance differences of coal,organic polymer and biomass as raw materials for CMS preparation were introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of CMS preparation by activation method,deposition method,thermal polycondensation method and template method were compared.Among them,the carbonization method,activation method and thermal polycondensation method were simple to operate,but the carbonization method had high requirements for raw materials.The activation method used KOH and other activators to produce toxic wastewater,and the thermal polycondensation method consumes more energy.Both the benzene deposition method and the template method could adjust the pore structure,but the benzene deposition was affected by factors such as deposition temperature and flow rate.The template method,liked the activation method,was prone to produce toxic wastewater.The principle of CMS preparation by KOH activation method and benzene vapor deposition method was emphasized.The CMS modification methods such as reducing CMS grain size,introducing hollow or hierarchical pore structure,and retaining the catalytic active center provided by micropores could improve CMS performance.The application status of CMS in adsorption separation,catalysis and other fields was summarized,and the development direction of CMS was prospected,in order to provide theoretical guidance for improving the performance of CMS.
作者
何聂燕
李学琴
刘鹏
李艳玲
孙堂磊
雷廷宙
HE Nieyan;LI Xueqin;LIU Peng;LI Yanling;SUN Tanglei;LEI Tingzhou(Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe&High Value Utilization Technology,Institute of Urban&Rural Mining,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China)
出处
《生物质化学工程》
CAS
2024年第3期64-72,共9页
Biomass Chemical Engineering
基金
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022426)。
关键词
碳分子筛
研究进展
催化剂
吸附剂
展望
carbon molecular sieve
research progress
catalyst
adsorbent
prospect
