摘要
我国的生活垃圾强制分类改革并未取得预期成效,重要原因之一是未建立有效的生活垃圾收费制度导致回收处理资金严重短缺。基于庇古税的理论逻辑、“污染者付费原则”的法律依据和部分发达国家的成功实践经验,我国有必要构建生活垃圾分类回收和实现“三化”治理目标的多元化资金筹措路径。在生活垃圾收费政策设计上,应以多元化的计量收费制为主、定量收费制为辅作为过渡方案;待政策环境成熟后,可全部实行多元化的计量收费制,包括随袋征收计量收费制、粗大型垃圾计量收费制、差别计量收费制、累进计量收费制、计件计量收费制等多种收费体系。能否有效实施生活垃圾计量收费,有赖于系统性地改革我国长期存在的废品回收模式,运用激励性和约束性并存的经济手段,规范引导生活垃圾排放行为,实现生活垃圾分类回收和“三化”治理目标。
The reform of compulsory domestic waste classification in China has not achieved the expected results,one of the reasons for which is the shortage of recycling funds due to the lack of an effective charging scheme for domestic waste classification and disposal.Based on the theoretical logic of Pigovian tax,the legal basis of“the polluter pays principle”,and the successful practice in some developed countries,the paper believes that it is necessary to build a diversified charging schemes for classified domestic wastes collection and disposal.In the design of a diversified domestic wastes charging schemes,we should formulate a transition scheme with volume-based charging rates as the mainstay and the quantitation-based charging rates as a supplement.After the policy environment is mature,a comprehensive diversified charging scheme can be implemented,including volume-based charging by bags,volume-based charging for oversized waste,volume-based differential charging,volume-based progressive charging,and volume-based charging by piece.Effective implementation of domestic waste charging depends on the systematic reform of China’s long-standing waste recycling model,the use of measures with economic incentive and binding,in guiding the domestic waste discharge behaviors.
作者
李昕
LI Xin(Law School,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu Anhui,233030,China)
出处
《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第3期49-60,共12页
Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“全面建立资源高效利用制度研究”(20ZDA084)。
关键词
生活垃圾分类
治理目标
负外部性
损害担责原则
计量收费体系
domestic wastes classifying
results of governing
“negative externalities”
“polluter pays principle”
diverse volume-based garbage rates
