摘要
辣椒漂浮育苗具有占地面积小、育苗周期短和椒苗品质好的优点,播种环节要求一穴一粒精量播种,通常采用人工点播,存在劳动强度大和播种效率低的问题。针对以上问题,该研究以磁力回位型排种器为基础,设计了一种适于辣椒漂浮育苗的机械式自动精量排种器,并对关键机构进行设计,通过单因素试验获得曲柄直径、曲柄电机工作转速和种量的较优区间,以单粒合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数为指标进行三因素三水平正交试验,建立回归模型,并进行参数优化。试验结果表明,在排种器旋转倾角30°、旋转电机角速度0.07 rad/s(即生产率240盘/h),曲柄直径为30 mm、曲柄电机转速为230 r/min、种量为4千粒时,排种器的播种效果较好,单粒合格指数为91.04%,重播指数为5.21%,漏播指数为3.75%,相比于人工操作磁力回位型排种器,单粒合格指数提升了5.81个百分点,重播指数降低了6.45个百分点,满足辣椒漂浮育苗的播种要求,可为辣椒育苗轻简化生产和小籽粒种子的机械式精量排种器研究提供参考。
Floating seedlings have been widely used in recent years,because of the small footprint,short nursery cycle,and high quality of pepper seedlings.The seeding link of pepper floating seedling is required for one hole and one-grain precision seeding.Among them,manual spot seeding can usually sow with high labor intensity and low seeding efficiency.The high seeding quality is confined to the complex and costly structure of the pneumatic precision seed-metering device.While the mechanical seed-metering device is more suitable for the round or pelletized vegetable seeds,rather than the small pepper seeds.In this study,a low-cost,lightweight,and simplified mechatronic precision seed-metering device was designed for the pepper floating seedlings,according to the magnetic return-type seed-metering device.A series of mechanisms were designed for the reciprocating motion,rotating,and seed dropping.The seed metering device was improved from the filling and discharging of magnetic return-type seed-metering device by means of various mechanisms.The important factors were selected as the diameter of the filling hole and the depth of the seed-dropping hole in the magnetic return-type seed-metering device.The single grain rate was improved for the high quality of sowing.The triaxial dimensions of the pepper seeds were then measured to determine the size of the filling and dropping holes.In reciprocating motion,the crank radius and seed displacement were determined for the minimum radius of the crank.In rotating,the minimum torque of the motor was determined by the center of mass and force analysis.The influencing factors were selected as crank diameter,crank motor speed,rotating motor angular speed,rotation angle,and seed volume in the trial test.One-factor test was carried out to obtain better ranges in the crank diameter,crank motor speed,rotating motor angular speed,rotation angle,and seed volume.Among them,the crank diameter,crank motor speed,and seed volume shared a significant influence on the performance of the seedmetering device.A three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was conducted to establish a regression model,where the crank diameter,crank motor speed,and seed volume were taken as test factors,while the target variables were the single-seed qualified,reseeding,and missed seeding indexes.The bench test was also carried out to verify the model under the optimal combination of parameters.The test results show that the crank diameter of 30 mm,crank motor speed of 230 r/min,and seed volume of 4000 grains under the rotation angle of 30°and rotating motor angular speed of 0.07 rad/s(i.e.,productivity of 240 trays/h).The seed-metering device performed better with a single-seed qualified index of 91.04%,a reseeding index of 5.21%,and a missed seeding index of 3.75%.The seeding performance fully met the industrial requirements of floating seedlings in pepper production and small-seeded seed-metering devices.
作者
李旭
廖俊卿
曾金平
胡齐深
刘大为
谢方平
王修善
LI Xu;LIAO Junqing;ZENG Jinping;HU Qishen;LIU Dawei;XIE Fangping;WANG Xiushan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Southern Intelligent Seedling,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yiyang 413055,China;Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Intelligent Seedling Equipment,Yiyang 413055,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期19-29,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600300-4/06,2020YFD1000300)。
关键词
农业机械
排种器
辣椒
漂浮育苗
精量播种
agricultural machinery
seed metering device
pepper
floating seedling
precision seeding
