摘要
为明确干热区咖啡叶锈病的危害症状和周年动态及不同海拔梯度对咖啡叶锈病和重寄生菌的影响,对咖啡叶锈病症状进行田间观察和周年动态监测,并对700~1 500 m共9个海拔梯度的咖啡叶锈病及重寄生真菌发生情况开展调查。结果显示,在干热区,咖啡叶锈病全年发生,有3个危害高峰期,分别为12月、2月和4月,其中12月的危害最严重。咖啡叶锈病危害与海拔高度呈显著相关,海拔1 500 m的咖啡叶锈病危害显著高于700~1 400 m的8个海拔梯度的;海拔1 400~1 500 m的咖啡叶锈病全年均有发生。在11月至次年6月发现了咖啡叶锈病的重寄生现象,寄生率有2个高峰期,即1月和3月,重寄生率分别为(20.19±5.44)%和(25.70±5.72)%;重寄生率与海拔高度成正比,海拔1 400 m和1 500 m的重寄生率显著高于800~1 300 m的7个海拔梯度的。以上结果表明,在干热区,海拔梯度对咖啡叶锈病产生了显著性影响,重寄生与咖啡叶锈病发生具明显迟滞性,在高海拔地区咖啡叶锈病的重寄生率超过20%。
In order to clarify the harmful symptoms and annual dynamics of coffee leaf rust in dry-hot regions,as well as the impact of altitude gradients on coffee leaf rust and mycoparasitic fungi,the symptoms of coffee leaf rust were observed in the field and its annual dynamics were monitored.An investigation was conducted on the occurrence of coffee leaf rust and mycoparasitic fungi in Arabica coffee plantations at 9 gradients of altitude from 700 to 1500 m in the dry-hot region of Baoshan,Yunnan.The results show that the coffee leaf rust occurs throughout the year,with the peaks being in December,February and April,and most severe in December in the dry-hot region.The infection of coffee leaf rust is significantly correlated with altitude.The infection of coffee leaf rust at an altitude of 1500 meters is significantly higher than that at the other eight altitude gradients from 700 m to 1400 m.Coffee leaf rust occurs all the year round at an altitude of 1400 m to 1500 m,and does not occur for more than 2 months at an altitude of 700 m to 1300 m.The mycoparasitism of coffee leaf rust was found from November to June,and had two peaks,in January with a mycoparasitization rate of(20.19±5.44)%and in March(25.70±5.72)%,respectively.The mycoparasitization increased with the altitude,and the mycoparasitization rates at 1400 m and 1500 m were significantly higher than those at the other seven altitude gradients ranging from 800 m to 1300 m.All these results indicate that altitude has a significant impact on coffee leaf rust,and that the occurrence of mycoparasites and coffee leaf rust is significantly delayed in the dry-hot region.In the areas of high altitude,the mycoparasitization rate of coffee leaf rust exceeds 20%,and the mycoparasitic fungi shows promise as a biocontrol agent of the coffee leaf rust.
作者
付兴飞
胡发广
黄家雄
李亚男
李亚麒
邰杰
李贵平
FU Xingfei;HU Faguang;HUANG Jiaxiong;LI Yanan;LI Yaqi;TAI Jie;LI Guiping(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China;Baoshan Longyang Technical Extension Station for Economic Crops,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)
出处
《热带生物学报》
2024年第3期337-342,共6页
Journal of Tropical Biology
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划“咖啡产业提质增效关键技术研发与示范”(202202AE090002)
保山市“瑰夏”咖啡主要病虫草害标准化绿色防控技术研究(2022zc01)。
关键词
海拔
咖啡叶锈病
重寄生菌
周年动态
干热区
altitude
coffee leaf rust
mycoparasitic fungus
annual dynamics
dry-hot region
