摘要
铍是一种有毒金属,对人的身体会造成极大的危害,工业生产中会产生大量的含铍废水,造成极高的生态风险。本文基于前期的研究,综述了不同处理方法(沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法和生物法)对含铍废水中铍去除的材料用量、处理所需pH值、处理选择性、去除效率、去除机理及回收性能等方面的优劣,以期为开发出绿色高效的除铍方法及综合利用铍资源提供参考。传统的沉淀法在治理铍废水过程中会产生二次污染,并且沉淀剂的使用量较大;吸附法虽然可回收铍,但竞争离子对吸附效果有影响、吸附成本高,开发新型吸附材料、制备廉价吸附剂,才能提高其工业应用价值;离子交换法同样可以回收铍,但工艺废水难以处理,且树脂易氧化失效、费用较高;溶剂萃取法主要用于矿业加工的提取阶段,不适合用于处理工业铍废水;基于生物改性的生物吸附材料则具有使用量低、处理范围广、不易造成二次污染以及选择吸附能力强等优点。因此,研发新型处理工艺,寻求环境友好、价格低廉、处理性能优异的处理方法,是实现高效处理含铍废水的未来发展趋势。以下几点可能成为重点研究方向:制备对铍具有高选择性吸附性能的吸附剂,比如负载碳酸根、磷酸根和羟基等基团的吸附剂;开发高吸附容量的生物吸附剂;综合各种处理方法的优点,开发新型处理工艺。
Beryllium is a kind of toxic metal that will cause significant harm to the human body.Industrial production will produce much beryllium wastewater,resulting in high ecological risk.Based on previous studies,this paper reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods(precipitation,adsorption,ion exchange,solvent extraction,and biological method)on the removal of beryllium from beryllium-containing wastewater in terms of material dosage,pH value required for treatment,treatment selectivity,removal efficiency,removal mechanism,and recovery performance.In order to provide reference for the development of green and efficient beryllium removal methods and comprehensive utilization of beryllium resources.The traditional precipitation method produces secondary pollution when treating beryllium wastewater,and the amount of precipitating agent is significant.Although the adsorption method can recover beryllium,the competitive ions impact the adsorption effect and the high adsorption cost.The development of new adsorption materials and the preparation of cheap adsorbents can improve its industrial application value.The ion exchange method can also recover beryllium,but the process wastewater is challenging to treat,and the resin is easy to oxidize and fail,and the cost is high.The solvent extraction method is mainly used in the extraction stage of mining processing and is unsuitable for treating industrial beryllium wastewater.Biosorbent materials based on biological modification have the advantages of low usage,a wide range of treatments,easy to cause secondary pollution and strong selective adsorption ability.Therefore,research and development of new treatment technology,seeking environmentally friendly,low price,excellent treatment performance of treatment methods,is needed to achieve efficient treatment of beryllium-containing wastewater development trends.The following points may be the focus of research:preparation of adsorbents with high selective adsorption properties for beryllium,such as adsorbents loaded with groups such as carbonate,phosphate,and hydroxyl;Developing biosorbents with high adsorption capacity;Combining the advantages of various treatment methods,a new treatment technology is developed.
作者
赵旭
雷治武
孙一格
王清良
胡鄂明
王红强
吕俊文
ZHAO Xu;LEI Zhiwu;SUN Yige;WANG Qingliang;HU Eming;WANG Hongqiang;LYU Junwen(School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China;College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230000,China)
出处
《中国有色冶金》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第3期101-110,共10页
China Nonferrous Metallurgy
基金
国家科技部重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1907701)。
关键词
含铍废水
铍回收
除铍
沉淀法
吸附法
生物法
离子交换法
溶剂萃取法
wastewater containing beryllium
beryllium recovery
beryllium removal
precipitation method
adsorption method
biological method
ion exchange method
solvent extraction method
