摘要
在铁路运输技术不断改善的背景下,高速铁路的运输条件得到了大力改善,运力也得到了相应增加,货物运输变得更加快捷、安全、可靠。利用高铁开展快捷货物运输可以满足高附加值、高时效要求的快递市场需求。针对该现状,考虑高铁、高速公路和民航之间的货运竞争,在由若干OD形成的货运网络中,以客运动车组预留车厢模式下总运输利润最大为目标,构建基于多目标的客货共运模式的高铁货运双层规划模型,计算货运网络中高铁的运价以及货流量在高铁快运网络中的分布。通过NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法,求出Pareto最优解。最后以京沪间快递运输为例,验证所建模型的有效性。算例结果表明:预留货运车厢模式对于高铁客运的影响较小,可以增加高铁的盈利能力,在一些客运量不足的短途高铁线路上可以开展客货共运模式,以增加高铁收益,增强高铁在短途运输中对于公路货运的竞争力。
Nowadays,express delivery operations in China are mainly done via highway transportation.With the rapid development of e-commerce,there is increasing demand for cargo transportation services of"strong timeliness and high value",which has posed new challenges to the traditional modes of cargo trans⁃portation.Against the background of continuous improvement in the railway transportation technology,the conditions and capacity of high-speed railway transportation have been greatly improved,making faster,saf⁃er,and more reliable cargo transportation services possible.Using high-speed railway in cargo transportation can satisfy the needs of the express delivery market for high value-added and high time-sensitive services.In response to this situation,considering the competition between high-speed railway,highway and civil avia⁃tion,in a cargo transportation network formed by several ODs,with the goal of maximizing the total trans⁃portation profit under the reserved passenger carriage for cargo transportation mode,we constructed a multiobjective bi-layer combined passenger-cargo high-speed railway transportation network planning model,and calculated the high-speed railway freight rate in the network and the distribution of cargo flow in the high-speed railway express network.Then using the NSGA-Ⅱmulti-objective optimization algorithm,we obtained the Pareto optimal solution.Finally,with the express delivery business between Beijing and Shanghai as example,we verified the effectiveness of the model constructed.As the numerical analysis shows,under the combined passenger and cargo transportation mode,the opti⁃mal freight rate of the high-speed railway freight service is 3.16 yuan/ton-kilometer,which is lower than aviation and slightly higher than highway.For short-distance ODs,high-speed railway is not far behind highway in market share,and accounts for nearly 50%of freight volume.Under the combined passenger and cargo transportation mode,cargo has consumed 14.3%of all carrying spaces,and the profit of the highspeed railway business has increased by 27.5%.According to a sensitivity analysis,as demand increases,the profitability of the high-speed railway freight business under the combined passenger and cargo transporta⁃tion mode will continue to increase,but its market competitiveness will not grow stronger with the change in demand.Express cargoes that are more time sensitive can further enhance the competitiveness of the highspeed railway freight business.Speed boost of the high-speed railway will have little impact on the highspeed railway freight business under the combined passenger and cargo transportation mode.Overall,the combined passenger and cargo transportation mode has little impact on high-speed railway passenger transport but can significantly increase the profitability of the high-speed railway transportation business.In addition,implementation of the combined passenger and cargo transportation mode on shortdistance high-speed railway sections with insufficient passenger volume can increase income of the highspeed railway and enhance the competitivity of high-speed railway against highway in short-distance trans⁃port.
作者
郑兴无
康彤彤
ZHENG Xingwu;KANG Tongtong(School of Economics&Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300;School of Transportation Science&Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)
出处
《物流技术》
2024年第4期138-150,共13页
Logistics Technology
关键词
高铁货运
客货共运
发展空间
多目标优化
high-speed railway freight transportation
combined passenger and cargo transportation
de⁃velopment space
multi-objective optimization
