摘要
随着非化石能源的开发利用,各行业电气化程度的提高以及储能技术的发展,各种电池的应用越来越广泛,同时电池向着高能量密度方向发展.在充放电过程中,电池组内能量密度的上升导致电池过热乃至爆炸,进而影响电池组的寿命和安全.因而,亟待开发高效的热管理系统,以及时带走电池内的热量.近年来,多种新型热管理系统被广泛研究和应用.其中,具有效果显著、成本低廉和无额外能耗等优势的纳米流体电池热管理系统备受关注.本文对纳米流体电池热管理系统的研究进展进行了系统综述,首先介绍了常见的电池种类及常用的热管理技术,随后阐述了纳米流体的分类和性质,并详细论述了纳米流体在锂离子电池、燃料电池和太阳能电池三类电池中的热管理理论、数值模拟、实验和应用研究现状.最后,本文系统讨论了当前该领域面临的挑战,并提出了未来的发展方向.
As climate change worsens,it is becoming increasingly important to effectively harness and store energy from non-fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The increasing adoption of various rechargeable batteries is being driven by advancements in non-fossil energy,the development of energy storage technology,and electrification in technological fields such as electric vehicles,photovoltaic thermal energy storage,and aerospace technology.However,the compact size of batteries leads to a significant increase in their internal energy density and temperature.Elevated heat flux and temperature not only limit battery performance but also reduce lifespan and pose safety risks to battery systems.The occurrence of thermal runaway under extreme conditions is a concern as it can result in battery combustion or even explosion.Thus,the implementation of efficient battery thermal management systems is essential.Besides traditional methods such as air cooling,phase change materials,and liquid cooling,in recent years,various novel thermal management technologies,including heat pipes,nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials,and nanofluids,have been extensively explored.Among these emerging technologies,nanofluid battery thermal management systems have garnered attention due to their significant impact,minimal additional energy consumption,and cost-effectiveness compared with alternative approaches.These systems utilize nanofluids,which are liquids with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles.Nanoparticles can contain oxides such as alumina and titanium dioxide,metals such as silver and copper,and carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotube and nanodiamond.The application of nanoparticles results in an improvement in the thermal conductivity of fluids.Moreover,nanoparticles can also supply extra nuclei,improve surface wettability,and delay bubble coalescence while boiling.Thus,nanofluids can enhance heat transfer in both single-phase and two-phase flows.Given the enhancement of heat transfer,nanofluids exhibit significant potential in battery thermal management.Herein,a systematic review of the research progress on nanofluid battery thermal management systems is presented.First,the structure,working principle,and demands of battery thermal management are given.Afterward,the concept and classification of nanofluids are introduced.Subsequently,the fundamental properties of nanofluids,such as stability,viscosity,thermal conductivity,and electrical conductivity,are elucidated.The article further discusses the current research progress on nanofluid-based battery thermal management systems applied in lithium batteries,fuel cells,and photovoltaic batteries.Finally,some notable challenges associated with nanofluid battery thermal management systems and some future development directions on numerical and experimental research and industrial applications are outlined.
作者
吴俊杰
侯竣升
马丽
黄磊
郝南京
WU Junjie;HOU Junsheng;MA Li;HUANG Lei;HAO Nanjing(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)
出处
《工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1498-1508,共11页
Chinese Journal of Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2023YFC3904301)。
