摘要
目的:探讨运动对老年人默认网络和执行控制网络的影响,以及默认网络和执行控制网络在运动改善老年人认知功能中的作用。方法:选取北京老年脑健康促进计划(Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative,BABRI)数据库中34名老年人为研究对象,根据其运动频率分为运动组和对照组,其中运动组每周运动次数≥1次、每次运动时长>30 min、规律运动时间达1年以上,而对照组无运动习惯。采用简易精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、画钟测验(clock drawing test,CDT)、符号数字模式测验(symbol digit modalities test,SDMT)、连线测验(trail making test,TMT)、词语流畅性测验(verbal fluency test,VFT)和波士顿命名测验(Boston naming test,BNT)分别评估老年人的总体认知能力、视空间能力、注意力、执行功能以及语言功能。采用功能性磁共振成像技术获取老年被试静息状态大脑活动,并通过独立成分分析获得默认网络和执行控制网络。最后对网络功能连接差异脑区与认知表现进行相关性分析。结果:1)运动组在MMSE、SDMT、TMT、VFT和BNT测验中的认知功能显著高于对照组,但两组CDT得分没有显著差异;2)运动组默认网络中背外侧额上回、左侧额上回中部、右侧前扣带回和额上回的功能连接与对照组相比显著增强;3)运动组执行控制网络中左侧下顶叶、左侧颞下回、额下回、左侧额上回内侧的功能连接与对照组相比显著增强;4)执行控制网络中左侧下顶叶与MMSE得分、SDMT得分呈显著正相关,与TMT-A、TMT-B连线时间呈显著负相关。结论:规律运动可以提高老年人的总体认知功能、注意力、执行功能和语言能力,运动对认知功能的改善可能与运动增强默认网络和执行控制网络中额叶、前扣带回和下顶叶的功能连接有关,下顶叶可能在其中发挥关键作用。
Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the effects of exercise on the default mode network and executive control network of the older adults,as well as the role of the default mode network and executive control network in exercise improving cognitive function of older adults.Methods:Thirty-four older adults from the Beijing Aging Brain Rehabilitation Initiative(BABRI)database were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into exercise group(EG)and control group(CG)based on their exercise frequency.The EG exercised more than once a week,with a duration of more than 30 min per exercise,and regular time more than 1 year,while the CG had no exercise habit.The mini mental state examination(MMSE),clock drawing test(CDT),symbol digit modalities test(SDMT),trail making test(TMT),verbal fluency test(VFT),and Boston naming test(BNT)were separately used to evaluate the overall cognitive ability,visuospatial ability,attention,executive function,and language ability of older adults.Functional magnetic resonance imaging technology was used to obtain resting-state brain activity of older adults,and the default network and executive control network were obtained by independent component analysis.Finally,the correlation analysis was conducted between brain regions with functional connectivity differences and cognitive performance.Results:1)The cognitive function of the EG was significantly higher than that of the CG in MMSE,SDMT,TMT,VFT,and BNT tests,but there was no significant difference in CDT scores between the two groups;2)the functional connections of the default mode network in the dorsolateral superior frontal gy‐rus,middle left superior frontal gyrus,right anterior cingulate gyrus,and superior frontal gyrus in EG were significantly increased than those in CG;3)the functional connections of the executive control network in the left inferior parietal lobe,left inferior temporal gyrus,inferior frontal gy‐rus,and medial left superior frontal gyrus in EG were significantly increased than those in CG;4)in the executive control network of EG,the left lower parietal lobe showed a significant posi‐tive correlation with MMSE scores and SDMT scores,and a significant negative correlation with TMT-A and TMT-B practice times.Conclusions:Regular exercise can improve the overall cognitive function,attention,executive function,and language ability of older adults.The im‐provement in cognitive ability caused by exercise may be related to the increased functional con‐nectivity of the frontal lobe,anterior cingulate gyrus in the default mode network and executive control network,and inferior parietal lobe,the inferior parietal lobe may play a critical role in it.
作者
马婧
刘冉
李炬
李馨
MA Jing;LIU Ran;LI Ju;LI Xin(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期30-38,共9页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本22-11)。
关键词
运动
老年人
默认网络
执行控制网络
认知功能
exercise
older adults
default mode network
executive control network
cognitive function
