摘要
灌水和施氮是调控作物生长的重要因素。在土默川平原灌区,浅埋滴灌技术的应用处于初期阶段,高效水肥运筹模式不明确限制了该技术的大面积推广,明确土默川平原灌区浅埋滴灌下水肥用量对玉米氮素积累、转运的影响,为该地区浅埋滴灌水肥高效管理提供理论指导。本研究于2021年和2022年在中国敕勒川现代农业博览园,选用‘先玉696’为供试品种,以施氮量为主区,设0 kg·hm^(-2)、210 kg·hm^(-2)、240 kg·hm^(-2)、270 kg·hm^(-2)、300 kg·hm^(-2)(N0、N1、N2、N3、N4)5个梯度,以灌水量为副区,设常规灌水(2021年为3690 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、2022年为3000 m3·hm^(-2))、节水20%、节水40%(W3、W2、W1)3个梯度,测定不同水氮运筹下玉米各器官氮素积累、转运、产量及氮肥利用效率等指标。结果表明:与N4W3相比,N3W3氮素积累量、产量无显著差异,氮肥利用效率提高4.39%~14.61%、氮肥吸收效率提高4.06%~6.72%;N4W2处理成熟期氮素积累量下降4.56%~18.11%,产量下降11.93%~28.01%,氮肥利用效率、氮肥吸收效率也均有下降趋势;N3W2产量及氮素积累、转运、利用率下降趋势更加明显。综上,土默川平原灌区浅埋滴灌下N4W3与N3W3产量差异不显著,但N3W3氮肥利用率更高,因此该区域浅埋滴灌下适宜水氮管理模式为灌水量3000~3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)、施氮量270 kg·hm^(-2)。
Irrigation and nitrogen application are important factors for the crop growth regulation.In the Tuimerchuan Plain irrigation area,the application of shallow buried drip irrigation technology is in the early stage,the efficient water and fertilizer transport mode is not clear,which limits the promotion of this technology on a large scale.This paper aimed to clarify the effect of water and fertilizer dosage on the nitrogen accumulation and transport of maize in Tuimerchuan Plain irrigation area,and to provide theoretical guidance for the efficient management of water and fertilizer with shallow buried drip irrigation in this area.In 2021 and 2022,in China Cilechuan Modern Agricultural Expo Park,'Xianyu 696'was selected as the test variety,and five gradients of 0 kg·hm^(-2),210 kg·hm^(-2),240 kg·hm^(-2),270 kg·hm^(-2),300 kg·hm^(-2)(N0,N1,N2,N3,N4)were set up as the main area of nitrogen application,and the amount of irrigation as the sub-area,which was the main area of nitrogen application.Three gradients of conventional irrigation(2021:3690 m3·hm^(-2),2022:3000 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),20%water saving,and 40%water saving(W3,W2,and W1)were set up to determine the indexes of nitrogen accumulation,translocation,yield,and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of various organs of maize under different water and nitrogen transport.The results showed that compared with N4W3,there was no significant difference in nitrogen accumulation and grain yield of N3W3,and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of N3W3 increased by 4.39%-14.61%,the nitrogen fertilizer uptake efficiency in N3W3 increased by 4.06%-6.72%,and the plant nitrogen accumulation in maturity of N4W2 decreased by 4.56%-18.11%,and the grain yield of N4W2 decreased by 11.93%-28.01%.The nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization efficiency of N4W2 had a decreasing trend.A decreasing trend in those of N3W2 was also more obvious.In conclusion,the difference in the grain yield between N4W3 and N3W3 under shallow drip irrigation was not significant,but N3W3 had higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.It is recommended that the suitable water and nitro-gen management mode under shallow drip irrigation in this region was 3000-3600 m^(3)·hm^(-2)of irrigation water and 270 kg·hm^(-2)of nitrogen application.
作者
陈健
马达灵
高聚林
于晓芳
胡树平
CHEN Jian;MA Daling;GAO Julin;YU Xiaofang;HU Shuping(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;Key Laboratory of High Yield and High Efficiency Crop Cultivation in Northern Cold and Arid Regions,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Hohhot 010019,China;The Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014100,China)
出处
《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2023年第6期9-22,共14页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-50)
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0003)
内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室(2021PT0004)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-12-02)。
关键词
浅埋滴灌
春玉米
不同水氮运筹
氮素积累转运
氮肥利用效率
Shallow buried drip irrigation
Spring maize
Different water-nitrogen combinations
Nitrogen accumulation and transport
Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency
