摘要
目的了解赤峰市狂犬病暴露和规范化暴露后预防情况,为狂犬病暴露预防策略的制定提供详实依据。方法利用横断面调查研究方法,对赤峰市狂犬病暴露病例进行流行病学个案调查,描述其流行病学特征的三间分布并利用χ^(2)检验进行统计分析。结果赤峰市2018年4月—2019年3月共报告狂犬病暴露病例8429例,男女暴露比例为1.04∶1;犬暴露占72.63%,咬伤和抓伤是主要暴露方式,上肢和下肢是主要暴露部位;农民(21.59%)、小学生(13.64%)、托幼儿童(10.18%)的暴露比例较高,0~<15岁和65~<75岁为高暴露率年龄组,不同年龄组的狂犬病暴露率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2177.062,P<0.001);4~9月为狂犬病暴露的高发月份;人群Ⅱ级暴露占43.58%,Ⅲ级暴露占56.27%;97.43%的暴露者完成狂犬病疫苗全程免疫接种,95.08%的伤口得到了规范的暴露后预防处置,11.96%的暴露者接种了免疫球蛋白。结论赤峰市狂犬病暴露呈现明显职业、年龄特征,Ⅲ级暴露病例免疫球蛋白使用率低,应进一步推进基层医疗机构犬伤门诊的标准化建设,落实综合防控措施,降低狂犬病暴露风险。
Objective To understand rabies exposure and standardized post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)in Chifeng,so as to provide a detailed foundation for the formulation of rabies exposure prevention strategies.Methods A cross-sectional survey research approach was employed to start epidemiological case study of rabies-exposed cases in Chifeng.The time distribution,regional distribution and population distribution of the epidemiological characteristics were described.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results From April 2018 to March 2019,Chifeng reported a total of 8429 cases of rabies exposure,with a gender ratio of 1.04∶1.Dog-related exposure accounted for 72.63%,primarily through bites and scratches,with the upper and lower limbs being the main exposure sites.Farmers(21.59%),primary school students(13.64%),and nursery children(10.18%)exhibited higher exposure rates.Age groups 0-<15 years and 65-<75 years showed significantly higher exposure rates,and the difference of exposure rate among age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=2177.062,P<0.001).The months from April to September had a higher incidence of rabies exposure.Grade II exposure accounted for 43.58%,and Grade III exposure accounted for 56.27%in the rabies-exposed population.Ninety-seven point four three percent of exposed patients completed the full course of immunization with rabies vaccine,95.08%of exposed wounds received standardized preventive treatment,and 11.96%of exposed patients were inoculated with immunoglobulin.Conclusion Rabies exposure in Chifeng demonstrates distinct occupational and age-related characteristics,with a low rate of immunoglobulin utilization in Grade III exposure cases.It is recommended to further promote the standardization of outpatient departments and clinics for dog injury in grassroots medical institutions,implement comprehensive prevention and control measures,and thereby reduce the risk of rabies exposure.
作者
李澄
李小东
马俊清
石汉杰
崔旭初
LI Cheng;LI Xiaodong;MA Junqing;SHI Hanjie;CUI Xuchu(Immunization Program Department,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Synthesis Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region 010031,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2024年第5期454-458,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
内蒙古卫生计生委卫生计生科研计划项目(201702041)。
关键词
狂犬病
暴露
预防处置
流行病学
分析
Rabies
Exposure
Preventive treatment
Epidemiology
Analysis
