摘要
行为谱是依据对动物行为的辨识、分类等编制而成的行为目录,是深入开展动物行为生态学研究的重要基础和科学依据.2019—2023年,在南京长江江豚自然保护区内开展了112 d船只调查和10 d无人机定点监测,记录江豚出水4258次.本文构建了长江江豚的行为谱和PAE(姿势-动作-环境)编码系统,共定义P码13种,A码26种,E码10种,总计61种行为,归为10类:游动方式、生理功能行为、鳍肢行为、躯体行为、跳跃行为、社会行为、母子豚行为、捕食行为、交配行为和吐水行为.与铜陵半自然水域长江江豚相比较,有47种相同的行为,多数是江豚的基本生命活动所需,14种仅在南京江豚发生的行为可能是长江江豚对繁忙的航运产生的适应性对策,41种仅在铜陵半自然水域中发现的行为如冲突、滑行、悬挂等,可能与人工喂食等相关.部分行为在枯水期和丰水期、不同风力条件下出现的频率有显著差异,可能与育幼和环境适应性相关.本研究构建了野生江豚的行为谱和第一个PAE编码系统,对物种的保护与管理提供了重要参考.
The behavior ethogram is a behavior catalog compiled based on the identification and classification of animal behaviors,which is an important foundation and scientific basis for further research on animal behavior ecology.From January 2019 to December 2023,112 d vessel-based survey and 10 d land-based drone monitoring in Nanjing Yangtze Finless Porpoise provincial nature reserve were conducted.The study recorded 4258 times of porpoises’surfacing,and constructed behavior ethogram and PAE(Posture-Act-Environment)coding system.13 P codes,26 A codes and 10 E codes were defined and formed 61 behaviors,all these were divided into 10 general categories,swimming mode,physiological function behavior,fin limb behavior,body behavior,jumping behavior,social behavior,mother child dolphin behavior,predation behavior,mating behavior and spiting behavior.Comparing with porpoise in the semi natural waters of Tongling,47 behaviors were same,most of which were necessary for the basic life activities.14 behaviors occurred only in nature habitat of Nanjing,that may be adaptive strategies for busy shipping traffic,41 behaviors,such as conflict,sliding,and hanging,were only found in Tongling,that might be related to artificial feeding in semi natural waters.There were significant differences in the frequency of some behaviors occurring during dry and flood seasons,as well as under different wind conditions,which might be related to parenting and environmental adaptability.The present study constructed the behavior ethogram and first PAE coding system of wild Yangtze Finless Porpoise in China,providing important reference for species protection and management.
作者
陈炳耀
孟祥垚
刘杉
彭婷婷
张俊
Chen Bingyao;Meng Xiangyao;Liu Shan;Peng Tingting;Zhang Jun(School of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Nanjing Yangtze Finless Porpoise Provincial Nature Reserve Management Station,Nanjing 210019,China)
出处
《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期63-75,共13页
Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
南京长江江豚省级自然保护区长江江豚活动习性和栖息地环境研究与评价项目(2022-JT-005-02).
关键词
捕食行为
长江江豚
PAE码
行为谱
游动方式
feeding behavior
Yangtze Finless Porpoise
PAE code
behavior ethogram
swimming mode
