摘要
为优化花生栽培管理措施,进而提升花生产量和品质,本研究通过设置旋耕地膜覆盖(RTM),旋耕露地(RT),深耕地膜覆盖(DTM)以及深耕露地(DT)四个处理,系统研究了不同耕作方式和地膜覆盖对花生生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:深耕能够改善花生的光合性能,与RTM处理相比,DTM处理在2021年结荚期、饱果期和收获期的叶片净光合速率平均提高了2.57%;此外,深耕有利于花生干物质积累量的增加,与RTM处理相比,DTM处理累积干物质积累量在2021年提高了3.09%。地膜覆盖可以提高花生根系活力、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数和净光合速率,延缓植株衰老,改善籽仁品质;与DT处理相比,DTM处理在2021年结荚期、饱果期和收获期的根系活力和叶面积指数分别平均提高了11.70%和13.40%。DTM处理与RTM、DT和RT处理相比,2022年荚果产量分别显著提高了5.72%、8.27%和13.08%。综上,深耕地膜覆盖可作为实现花生高产优质生产目标的有效措施。
In order to optimize modern peanut cultivation techniques,effectively alleviate the shortage of vegetable oil supply in China,and guarantee the safety of vegetable oil in China,in this study,the effects of different tillage and plastic film mulching practices on the physiological characteristics,yield and quality of peanut were systematically investigated by setting up four treatments:rotary tillage with plastic film mulching(RTM),rotary tillage without plastic film mulching(RT),deep tillage with plastic film mulching(DTM),and deep tillage without plastic film mulching(DT).The results showed that deep tillage improved peanut photosynthetic performance,the DTM treatment increased leaf net photosynthetic rate by an average of 2.57%in 2021 at the pod-setting stage,pod-filling stage,and harvesting stage compared to the RTM treatment.In addition,deep tillage increased peanut dry matter accumulation,with the DTM treatment increasing cumulative dry matter accumulation by 3.09%in 2021 compared to the RTM treatment.Plastic film mulching promoted peanut root activity,leaf SPAD value,leaf area index,and net photosynthetic rate,delayed plant senescence,and improved peanut kernel quality.Root activity and leaf area index increased by an average of 11.70%and 13.40%in the DTM treatment compared to the DT treatment in 2021 at the pod-setting stage,pod-filling stage,and harvesting stage,respectively.The DTM treatment significantly increased pod yield by 5.72%,8.27%,and 13.08%in 2022 compared to RTM,DT,and RT treatments,respectively.In conclusion,the DTM treatment was shown to be the optimum treatment to achieve the goal of high-yield and high-quality peanut production under the conditions of this experiment.
作者
张伟锋
吴会福
王瑞杰
柳玉芳
郑玲
ZHANG Wei-feng;WU Hui-fu;WANG Rui-jie;LIU Yu-fang;ZHENG Ling(Weifang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Weifang 261061,China;Lebu Mountain Ecological Economic Development Service Center of Weicheng District in Weifang,Weifang 261061,China;Baocheng Street Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Changle County,Changle 262400,China;Zhuyouguan Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Longkou City,Longkou 265700,China;College of Life Science,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)
出处
《花生学报》
北大核心
2024年第2期47-54,76,共9页
Journal of Peanut Science
基金
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QC019)。
关键词
花生
耕作方式
地膜覆盖
生理特性
产量品质
peanut
tllge practice
plastic film mulching
physiological characteristics
yield and quality
