摘要
质子交换膜燃料电池(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell,PEMFC)作为第五代燃料电池,是最具发展前景的新能源电池,其中双极板作为PEMFC的核心元件,不仅能将单一电池链接起来形成电池堆,起到支撑作用,还具有提供气体流道、隔绝阴阳极两端等作用,对燃料电池工作性能、寿命起到关键作用。其中铝合金作为一种具有良好导电性能、成本低、轻质的材料,在PEMFC双极板材料方面应用潜力巨大。但铝合金双极板耐腐性不佳,在PEMFC工作环境下极易被腐蚀,且其表面生成的钝化膜,增大了电池的接触电阻,从而对电池性能和寿命产生不利影响,而通过铝合金表面改性是解决该问题的主流方法。首先概述了PEMFC原理、双极板材料类型及内部环境,然后阐述了PEMFC中铝合金双极板的服役问题,并对近年来铝合金双极板的表面改性进行分类。重点概括了铝合金表面金属及其化合物涂层(贵金属、金属氮/碳化物、镍磷金属涂层)与非金属涂层(碳基涂层、高分子聚合物涂层)的结构设计、成分优化、服役性能特点。分析结果表明,选用低成本、具有良好耐蚀性和导电性的金属惨杂的无定型碳、金属碳/氮化物涂层,能降低双极板生产成本,提高双极板工作性能,并对涂层设计出多层复合涂层,能打断涂层中的细长针孔缺陷,提高涂层的完整性和致密性。在铝合金表面进行改性研究,以提高其耐蚀性、导电性及服役稳定性,对推动铝合金双极板在PEMFC电堆中的应用至关重要。
As the fifth generation of new energy cells,the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)is the most promising cell with advantages of higher conversion rates and zero pollution,and is considered to be one of the most desirable green energy sources and an ideal motive component for future new energy vehicles.As one of the most important components of the PEMFC,the bipolar plate not only connects individual cells of the cell stack and plays a supporting role,but also provides a gas flow path,isolates the cathode and anode ends,transfers current and removes heat and reaction product water,which is particularly important to the working performance and service life of the PEMFC.In this paper,different bipolar plates are introduced.Graphite bipolar plate is the most used bipolar plate material due to its high electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance,but it is gradually replaced because of its high brittleness and processing difficulties,which limits its commercial development.Compared with graphite,metal bipolar plate is cheaper and easier to manufacture.As a common non-ferrous material with good electrical conductivity,low cost,light weight and ease of forming,aluminium alloy is often used as the base material for metal bipolar plate.However,the aluminium bipolar plate has poor corrosion resistance and is susceptible to corrosion in an operating environment of the PEMFC,producing a passivation film on its surface,which reduces the conductive efficiency of the cell.In addition,the released metal ions can diffuse to other components,causing performance deterioration of the cell.Scholars at home and abroad have explored the contradictory relationship between the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of aluminium alloy bipolar plates and found that an effective solution to this problem is to modify the surface of the bipolar plate.This paper briefly described the types of PEMFC materials,the internal environment and the corrosion of aluminium alloy bipolar plates,classifies the surface modification of aluminium alloy bipolar plates in recent years and outlined the performance characteristics of metallic coatings(precious metal,metal nitride carbide,nickel phosphorus metal coatings)and non-metallic coatings(carbon-based coatings,polymer compound coatings).In short,precious metal coatings have excellent electrical conductivity and chemical stability,but the higher price limits it’s commercial development;Metal nitride carbide coatings have good electrical and corrosion resistance and remain stable at higher temperature,using appropriate preparation processes to make effective advantage of it;Nickel phosphorus metal coatings slow down the corrosion of the substrate due to their unique corrosion resistance,while adding other metal elements can improve the chemical performance of the coatings;Carbon-based coatings are widely used for surface modification of bipolar plate due to it’s low cost,and the performance of carbon-based coatings can be improved by changing the ratio of sp2 to sp3 carbon.Polymer compound coatings have good corrosion resistance but poor electrical conductivity and require added compounds to improve it’s performance.Compared with single coating,multilayer composite coatings have better corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity,and can maintain stability in a long working time,which is a hot topic in the future research.It is particularly important to promote the development of aluminium bipolar plates by slowing down the corrosion rate and improving the electrical conductivity and efficiency of the bipolar plates.
作者
蒋啸
李伟
刘玉来
李秀兰
周新军
王永
JIANG Xiao;LI Wei;LIU Yulai;LI Xiulan;ZHOU Xinjun;WANG Yong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,Sichuan Yibin 644000,China;Xi'an Chang-feng Electromechanical Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期81-92,134,共13页
Surface Technology
基金
自贡市科技局重点科技计划项目(2018YYJC08)
过程装备与控制工程四川省高校重点实验室项目(GK202208)
四川轻化工大学人才引进项目(2018RCL12)
四川省科技计划资助(2022YFG0289)。
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池
铝合金双极板
表面改性
金属涂层
非金属涂层
proton exchange membrane fuel cell
aluminum alloy bipolar plate
surface modification
metal coatings
non-metal coatings
