摘要
在连续多年自然生草果园,设置自然生草(CK)、单播油菜(H)(Brassica napus L.)、单播光叶紫花苕(Z)(Vicia villosa var.glabresens)、间作油菜和光叶紫花苕(HZ)4种不同处理,研究不同生草方式在不同翻压时期对果园土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物量的影响。结果表明:单播油菜处理在翻压后可获得比单播光叶紫花苕及自然生草处理更高的土壤有机质积累量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量和蔗糖酶活性,但对翻压60 d后0~20 cm表层土壤中细菌和真菌菌落数量增长有一定的抑制作用;相对于单播处理,间作处理对提高土壤有机质含量、0~20 cm表层土壤速效磷含量、20~40 cm次表层土壤速效钾含量、翻压60 d前土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性效果一致,可显著提高油菜单播下土壤碱解氮含量,以及光叶紫花苕单播下0~20 cm表层土壤速效钾含量,可获得较高的土壤放线菌以及20~40 cm次表层土壤中细菌菌落数量。综上,“花+肥”模式下油菜可作为一种有机肥源还田,可有效改良果园土壤,提高土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶活性,改善土壤微生物群落结构,与光叶紫花苕间作可有效弥补油菜固氮能力不足。
Four sod-culture modes were tested in the pear orchard,including CK:natural grass;H:rapeseed;Z:Vicia villosa var.glabresens;HZ:intercropping of rapeseed and Vicia villosa var.glabresens.The effects of different sod-culture on soil nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and number of microorganisms of orchard were studied at different periods.The results showed that the soil organic matter content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and sucrase activity of H were higher than those of Z and CK,and the growth of bacteria and fungi in 0-20 cm surface soil was inhibited by H at 60 days after returning to the field.Compared with H and Z,HZ had the same effect on increasing soil organic matter content,available phosphorus content in 0-20 cm surface soil,available potassium content in 20-40 cm subsurface soil,and soil urease and catalase activities before 60 days.However,HZ could significantly increase the available nitrogen content of H and the available potassium content of Z in 0-20 cm surface soil,and could obtain higher number of soil actinomyces colonies and bacterial colonies in 20-40 cm subsurface soil.In conclusion,the rapeseed of‘flower+fertilizer'mode can be used as an organic fertilizer source to improve orchard soil effectively,contribute to the increase of soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity,and improve soil microbial community structure,and intercropping with Vicia villosa var.glabresens can effectively make up for the lack of nitrogen fixation ability of rapeseed.
作者
葛永申
岳绪国
万春雁
霍恒志
王睿璇
杨军
陈雪平
GE Yongshen;YUE Xuguo;WAN Chunyan;HUO Hengzhi;WANG Ruixuan;YANG Jun;CHEN Xueping(Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province,Jurong 212400,China)
出处
《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期42-50,共9页
Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(21)3182]
江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2023342、BE2020419)
江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目[JBGS(2021)061]。
关键词
果园
生草方式
土壤养分
土壤微生物
orchard
sod-culture
soil nutrient
soil microorganisms
