摘要
宋代是义观念实践的一个历史高潮。宋代之义具有崇高神圣的精神地位,受到上至皇帝、下及盗贼的追捧。宋代强调君臣以义立,皇帝以义结天下人心,以义对内理政、对外交好。士大夫之公义指正义、刚正的气概,是高尚情操,其小义主要体现在对社会、朋友的责任担当与无私帮助,个人之间也多称兄道弟以及结拜兄弟。武人之公义通常都是忠于朝廷,慷慨赴义,其私义多表现于结拜兄弟。民间之义除公益之义外,还有更多样的表现形式,如互济互助、扶正驱邪,包括义居、复仇杀人,结义现象更为普遍,既有义兄弟,也有义父子,均受到法律的承认。义观念的强化和实践,体现着宋人的奉献精神、自律精神、契约精神。从开国皇帝赵匡胤传下来的以义治国策略,是宋代政治文明的重要组成部分。
The Song Dynasty represents a historical climax in the practice of the concept of righteousness.The notion of righteousness during the Song era held a sacred spiritual status,sought after by everyone from the emperor to thieves.The Song Dynasty emphasized that the relationship between the ruler and his ministers should be based on righteousness,with the emperor using it to unite the hearts of the people and to govern domestically and maintain foreign relations.The public righteousness of the scholar-officials referred to justice and integrity,which were the noble sentiments of the literati.Minor righteousness was mainly reflected in their responsibility and selfless assistance to society and friends,as well as the mutual recognition of brothers and sworn brothers among individuals.The public righteousness of the military often involved loyalty to the court and a willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of righteousness,while private righteousness was often manifested in the form of sworn brothers.The concept of righteousness among the common people,in addition to public righteousness,also had more diverse forms of expression,such as mutual support,upholding justice and driving out evil,including righteous residences and avenging murders.The phenomenon of forming righteous bonds was more common,with both sworn brothers and adopted fathers,all of which were recognized by the law.The strengthening and practice of the concept of righteousness reflect the spirit of dedication,self-discipline,and contract spirit of the Song people.The strategy of governing the country with righteousness,passed down from the founding emperor Zhao Kuangyin,is an important part of the political civilization of the Song Dynasty.
出处
《河北学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期92-102,共11页
Hebei Academic Journal
关键词
义
义举
结义
宋代
righteousness
righteous acts
sworn brotherhood
Song dynasty
